NMNC 4510 FINAL EXAM 2025/2026
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
1
100% PASS
Infective Endocarditis? (3) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔infection w/ inflammation of the
endocardium of the heart (lines the inside of the heart).
- normally smooth but inflammation changes this.
- issues w/ heart fxn: heart's ability to beat, strength of contractions, weakness in
septum itself.
Risk factors for infective endocarditis (IE)? (9) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- recent dental
work: introducing bacteria can seep into the bloodstream and affect endocardium,
may give prophylactic abx.
- pacemakers
- central lines
- IVDA
- hx of valve disorder-rheumatic fever and congenital defects of the heart
100% GUARATEED SUCCESS
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,- aging adult
- renal dialysis
2
- UTI
- surgical procedures
What is rheumatic fever? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔autoimmune response that affects
valves of the heart and causes scarring.
- valves cannot open all the way because of the scarring.
- signs: joint pain because it attacks synovial joints, erythema of the skin.
Common pathogens in IE? (3) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- staphylococcus aureus
- streptococcus virudans
- staphylococcus epidermidis
untreated streptococcus infections can cause rheumatic fever.
Most common valve affected by IE? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔mitral valve - between LA
and LV
100% GUARATEED SUCCESS
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,- if it's not opening fully, fluid coming from LA can't get to LV and backs up into
the lungs.
3
- s/s: SOB, lung problems - crackles, pulmonary edema, diastolic murmur (maybe)
- hearing new or worsening murmur is sign of endocarditis, especially mitral
stenosis.
What can vegetation on the tricuspid valve lead to?
What can vegetation on the mitral valve lead to? (5) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- tricuspid
valve: between RA and RV, vegetation can break off and flow to the lungs - pt gets
PE.
- mitral valve: between LA and LV, vegetation can break off and flow out into the
body - pt gets stroke, renal infarct, sepsis, septic shock, splenomegaly.
L sided heart embolizations affect what? (5)
R sided heart embolizations affect what? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔L Sided:
- brain
- limb
- kidney
- liver
100% GUARATEED SUCCESS
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, - spleen
4
R sided:
- lungs
Acute IE? (3)
Causes? (2) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- healthy pts, sudden onset.
- sudden high fever.
- body doesn't have time to adjust to infection so compensatory mechanisms are
not usually in place.
- causes: trauma (shot, stabbed, blunt force trauma), fast moving infection.
Subacute IE?
Causes? (2)
S/S? (5) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- underlying condition, slow and gradual.
- causes: IVDA, rheumatic fever.
- s/s: malaise, fatigue, signs of decreased CO, low grade fever, micro emboli (back
pain, abd discomfort, clubbing of fingers).
100% GUARATEED SUCCESS
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
1
100% PASS
Infective Endocarditis? (3) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔infection w/ inflammation of the
endocardium of the heart (lines the inside of the heart).
- normally smooth but inflammation changes this.
- issues w/ heart fxn: heart's ability to beat, strength of contractions, weakness in
septum itself.
Risk factors for infective endocarditis (IE)? (9) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- recent dental
work: introducing bacteria can seep into the bloodstream and affect endocardium,
may give prophylactic abx.
- pacemakers
- central lines
- IVDA
- hx of valve disorder-rheumatic fever and congenital defects of the heart
100% GUARATEED SUCCESS
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,- aging adult
- renal dialysis
2
- UTI
- surgical procedures
What is rheumatic fever? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔autoimmune response that affects
valves of the heart and causes scarring.
- valves cannot open all the way because of the scarring.
- signs: joint pain because it attacks synovial joints, erythema of the skin.
Common pathogens in IE? (3) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- staphylococcus aureus
- streptococcus virudans
- staphylococcus epidermidis
untreated streptococcus infections can cause rheumatic fever.
Most common valve affected by IE? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔mitral valve - between LA
and LV
100% GUARATEED SUCCESS
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,- if it's not opening fully, fluid coming from LA can't get to LV and backs up into
the lungs.
3
- s/s: SOB, lung problems - crackles, pulmonary edema, diastolic murmur (maybe)
- hearing new or worsening murmur is sign of endocarditis, especially mitral
stenosis.
What can vegetation on the tricuspid valve lead to?
What can vegetation on the mitral valve lead to? (5) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- tricuspid
valve: between RA and RV, vegetation can break off and flow to the lungs - pt gets
PE.
- mitral valve: between LA and LV, vegetation can break off and flow out into the
body - pt gets stroke, renal infarct, sepsis, septic shock, splenomegaly.
L sided heart embolizations affect what? (5)
R sided heart embolizations affect what? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔L Sided:
- brain
- limb
- kidney
- liver
100% GUARATEED SUCCESS
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, - spleen
4
R sided:
- lungs
Acute IE? (3)
Causes? (2) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- healthy pts, sudden onset.
- sudden high fever.
- body doesn't have time to adjust to infection so compensatory mechanisms are
not usually in place.
- causes: trauma (shot, stabbed, blunt force trauma), fast moving infection.
Subacute IE?
Causes? (2)
S/S? (5) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔- underlying condition, slow and gradual.
- causes: IVDA, rheumatic fever.
- s/s: malaise, fatigue, signs of decreased CO, low grade fever, micro emboli (back
pain, abd discomfort, clubbing of fingers).
100% GUARATEED SUCCESS
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
