NURS 6111 Exam 1 Q&A
Na normal lab value ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓135-145
K normal lab value ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓excessive
thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular
heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓muscle
cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling,
mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by ~CORRECT
ANSWER~✓✓converting a strong acid or base to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Type 1:
Immunoglobulin IgE mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time
frame, ex peanut allergy
,Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body
attacks healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced
thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell
wall and cause tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes
and do not involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex,
mycobacterial infection
Prematurity ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓baby born before 37 weeks
gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical
abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical findings of
premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓babies
born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of surfactant, characterized by
shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓babies born
before 32 weeks, caused by damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues,
characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen. Risk factors: low
birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓common
between 1-4 months of age, most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year,
can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more often than
girls
, Prader-Willi Syndrome ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Caused by a lack of
genetic material in the 15 pair of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the
father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree of mental
retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-
Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to
sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short
stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem
behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating
and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓caused by missing piece of
chromosome 22, affects the heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can
be inherited from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac anomalies,
hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip, hearing loss,
learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓inhibit the passage of
alien substances that attempt to enter the circulatory system. mucosal
immunity
function of IgE antibody ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓protect against
parasitic invasions and supervise allergic reactions
Function of IgG antibody ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓-Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
Na normal lab value ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓135-145
K normal lab value ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓excessive
thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular
heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓muscle
cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling,
mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by ~CORRECT
ANSWER~✓✓converting a strong acid or base to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Type 1:
Immunoglobulin IgE mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time
frame, ex peanut allergy
,Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body
attacks healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced
thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell
wall and cause tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes
and do not involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex,
mycobacterial infection
Prematurity ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓baby born before 37 weeks
gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical
abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical findings of
premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓babies
born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of surfactant, characterized by
shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓babies born
before 32 weeks, caused by damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues,
characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen. Risk factors: low
birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓common
between 1-4 months of age, most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year,
can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more often than
girls
, Prader-Willi Syndrome ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓Caused by a lack of
genetic material in the 15 pair of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the
father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree of mental
retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-
Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to
sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short
stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem
behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating
and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓caused by missing piece of
chromosome 22, affects the heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can
be inherited from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac anomalies,
hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip, hearing loss,
learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓inhibit the passage of
alien substances that attempt to enter the circulatory system. mucosal
immunity
function of IgE antibody ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓protect against
parasitic invasions and supervise allergic reactions
Function of IgG antibody ~CORRECT ANSWER~✓✓-Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
