ELCS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Chain of Infection - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅1) Pathogen
2) Source
3) Mode
4) Entry
5) Susceptible host
Modes of disease transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- direct contact w/ blood or body fluids
- indirect contact w/ contaminated surface
- contact of mucosa of eyes, nose, or mouth w/ droplets
- inhalation of airborne microorganisms
CPR steps - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅1) verify scene safety
2) check responsiveness
3) activate 911
4) determine if victim breathing and has pulse
5) begin CPR (30 compressions to 2 breaths if 1 rescuer) (use AED when arrives)
6) after 5 cycles recheck for pulse and perform another 2 min of CPR if necessary
HIPAA - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- protecting privacy and security of health data (PHI)
PHI - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Protected health information that is transmitted or maintained in any
medium that is created/received by health care provider that relates to physical/mental health
Privacy - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅An individual's right to keep certain info to himself, with the
understanding that their PHI will only be used or disclosed with their permission or as permitted by law
,Minimum necessary standard - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Covered entity must use or disclose only the
minimum necessary PHI required to accomplish purpose of disclosure
HIPAA Security Rule - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Enforces:
1) Confidentiality - only authorized individuals
2) Integrity - info has not been altered
3) Availability - info accessible to authorized individuals when they need it
Breach - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Occurs when "unsecured PHI" is acquired in an unauthorized manner
that compromises the security or privacy of the info
SARS-CoV-2 - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- virus that causes the disease of COVID-19
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Coronaviruses - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Standard viruses responsible for upper respiratory infections
and 15-30% of common colds
COVID-19 - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- RNA virus
- membrane studded with glycoprotein spikes that surrounds genome
- glycoproteins have receptors that allow for attachment in lungs
- spread thru sneezing/coughing and droplets on surfaces
RNA viruses - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- single-strand
- can mutate at a rate thousands of times faster than DNA viruses
- new genetic variation means new characteristics
Fomites - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Contaminated nonliving objects
COVID symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅1) fever over 100.4
, 2) cough
3) shortness of breath
4) loss of test or smell
5) sore throat
Zoonosis - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- infectious diseases of animals (zoon) that can be transmitted to
humans
- >60% of human infections
- spread by air (flu), bites (rabies), or intermediate species/vector (Zika)
- swine flu, west Nile, SARS, Ebola, AIDS, MERS
Herd immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅When a critical portion of a community is immunized against a
contagious disease, most members of the community are protected, against that disease because there
is little opportunity for an outbreak
Who may not be eligible for a vaccine? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- folks allergic to it
- immunocompromised
- Infants/elderly
- pregnant women
Types of vaccine exemption - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Medical (allergy, pregnant, immunosuppressed)
- religious
- philosophical
Smallpox vaccination - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- immunity for probably 10 or so years
- vaccine within 4 days of infection will prevent or minimize infection
- US military still stockpiles vaccines
- last worldwide case in 1977
Chain of Infection - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅1) Pathogen
2) Source
3) Mode
4) Entry
5) Susceptible host
Modes of disease transmission - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- direct contact w/ blood or body fluids
- indirect contact w/ contaminated surface
- contact of mucosa of eyes, nose, or mouth w/ droplets
- inhalation of airborne microorganisms
CPR steps - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅1) verify scene safety
2) check responsiveness
3) activate 911
4) determine if victim breathing and has pulse
5) begin CPR (30 compressions to 2 breaths if 1 rescuer) (use AED when arrives)
6) after 5 cycles recheck for pulse and perform another 2 min of CPR if necessary
HIPAA - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
- protecting privacy and security of health data (PHI)
PHI - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Protected health information that is transmitted or maintained in any
medium that is created/received by health care provider that relates to physical/mental health
Privacy - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅An individual's right to keep certain info to himself, with the
understanding that their PHI will only be used or disclosed with their permission or as permitted by law
,Minimum necessary standard - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Covered entity must use or disclose only the
minimum necessary PHI required to accomplish purpose of disclosure
HIPAA Security Rule - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Enforces:
1) Confidentiality - only authorized individuals
2) Integrity - info has not been altered
3) Availability - info accessible to authorized individuals when they need it
Breach - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Occurs when "unsecured PHI" is acquired in an unauthorized manner
that compromises the security or privacy of the info
SARS-CoV-2 - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- virus that causes the disease of COVID-19
- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Coronaviruses - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Standard viruses responsible for upper respiratory infections
and 15-30% of common colds
COVID-19 - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- RNA virus
- membrane studded with glycoprotein spikes that surrounds genome
- glycoproteins have receptors that allow for attachment in lungs
- spread thru sneezing/coughing and droplets on surfaces
RNA viruses - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- single-strand
- can mutate at a rate thousands of times faster than DNA viruses
- new genetic variation means new characteristics
Fomites - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅Contaminated nonliving objects
COVID symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅1) fever over 100.4
, 2) cough
3) shortness of breath
4) loss of test or smell
5) sore throat
Zoonosis - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- infectious diseases of animals (zoon) that can be transmitted to
humans
- >60% of human infections
- spread by air (flu), bites (rabies), or intermediate species/vector (Zika)
- swine flu, west Nile, SARS, Ebola, AIDS, MERS
Herd immunity - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅When a critical portion of a community is immunized against a
contagious disease, most members of the community are protected, against that disease because there
is little opportunity for an outbreak
Who may not be eligible for a vaccine? - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- folks allergic to it
- immunocompromised
- Infants/elderly
- pregnant women
Types of vaccine exemption - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- Medical (allergy, pregnant, immunosuppressed)
- religious
- philosophical
Smallpox vaccination - CORRECT ANSWERS✅✅- immunity for probably 10 or so years
- vaccine within 4 days of infection will prevent or minimize infection
- US military still stockpiles vaccines
- last worldwide case in 1977
