C233 Employment Law Assessment and Class Notes
Questions with Correct Detailed Answers. Complete
2025\2026 Exam Update.
Which constitutional provision mandates that federal regulations have priority over state? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Supremacy clause
Which doctrine is used by the US courts to align current cases with prior legal decisions? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Stare decisis
Two corporations have combined their management and operations into a single place with 30
total employees. Which type of business relationship is formed that now requires both
companies to comply with federal employment law? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Integrated
enterprise
Which test is used to distinguish an independent contractor from an employee? - CORRECT
ANS - ✔✔ Economic Realities Test
The employee handbook used by a temporary employment agency stated, 'Employees may not
be terminated except after first receiving an oral warning, then a formal written warning.'
Which principle is demonstrated in the handbook? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Implied Contract
No employee with a company has ever been terminated without strict adherence to the
progressive discipline procedures outlined in the employee handbook. How does the employee
handbook apply in this situation? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ It's an implied contract
Which term indicates that an employer may terminate an employee at any time for any legal
reason without incurring liability? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Employment at will
Which type of employment contract is created by the action of the employer and employee
rather than through a formal contract negotiation? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Implied
An employee claimed the need for special treatment based on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of
1964. What is the first question an HR professional should ask to determine if this law applies to
the employee? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Does the employee meet the eligibility requirements?
To which agency did Title VII give authority to conduct its own enforcement litigation? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ EEOC
A woman's shelter hires only women as intake specialists and is being sued for disparate
treatment. Which role does HR have in relation to the EEOC? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Showing
bona fide occupational qualification
A 65-year-old woman was passed over for a job. When she inquired about this, the employer
told her, 'We're looking to create a younger workforce.' Which type of discrimination is reflected?
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Disparate treatment
An organization requires that job applicants have at least a bachelor. Applicants in a protected
class under Title VII claim that this requirement puts them at a disadvantage. Which rule
, determines whether there was substantial impact on the protected class? - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔ Four-fifths rule
Which practice is descriptive of a church requiring clergy to be of a particular denomination? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Bona fide occupational qualification
A company reduced a pregnant employee's hours from 40 per week to 8 o the basis that she
could no longer perform the fundamental requirements of her position. The employee is suing
the company. What statute will help the employee's case? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Pregnancy
Discrimination Act
Which claim alleges that the work atmosphere has become sexually charged with offensive
behaviors that interferes with an employee's work performance? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Hostile
environment
A company sets a goal to hire 30% women in engineering jobs. A class action lawsuit alleges
that this preference will result in denying jobs to otherwise qualified males. Which theory does
this scenario illustrate from the male's perspective? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Reverse
Discrimination
Whose duty is it to suggest a reasonable accommodation that is not readily obvious? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Employee
Which demonstrates the goal of affirmative action? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Correcting
discriminatory practices
Which employer action is a possible employer defense to a claim asserted under the Age
Discrimination employment act? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Employing under 10 people ADEA
does not apply
An employee requests a schedule change to accommodate his religious practices. According to
Title VII, which action is considered an undue hardship for the employer? - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔ Mandating other employees change their schedule against their objections
Which race discrimination claim can be based on an employer's policy of racial animosity,
steering assignments or yielding to customer discriminatory preferences? - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔ Disparate Treatment
What are two types of conduct that make a company liable for race-based harassment?
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Unwelcome conduct Pervasive conduct
Which system for employers determines workers eligibility using form I9? - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔ E-Verify
An employee has demonstrated a tendency toward violent behavior in the workplace. This
tendency developed over several years but was not easily decernable when the employee was
initially hired. The employer is aware of the employee's violence but does not terminate the
employee. Which legal risk does the employer face in this situation? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔
Negligent retention
What type of employee is considered exempt from overtime under the Fair Labor Standards
Questions with Correct Detailed Answers. Complete
2025\2026 Exam Update.
Which constitutional provision mandates that federal regulations have priority over state? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Supremacy clause
Which doctrine is used by the US courts to align current cases with prior legal decisions? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Stare decisis
Two corporations have combined their management and operations into a single place with 30
total employees. Which type of business relationship is formed that now requires both
companies to comply with federal employment law? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Integrated
enterprise
Which test is used to distinguish an independent contractor from an employee? - CORRECT
ANS - ✔✔ Economic Realities Test
The employee handbook used by a temporary employment agency stated, 'Employees may not
be terminated except after first receiving an oral warning, then a formal written warning.'
Which principle is demonstrated in the handbook? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Implied Contract
No employee with a company has ever been terminated without strict adherence to the
progressive discipline procedures outlined in the employee handbook. How does the employee
handbook apply in this situation? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ It's an implied contract
Which term indicates that an employer may terminate an employee at any time for any legal
reason without incurring liability? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Employment at will
Which type of employment contract is created by the action of the employer and employee
rather than through a formal contract negotiation? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Implied
An employee claimed the need for special treatment based on Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of
1964. What is the first question an HR professional should ask to determine if this law applies to
the employee? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Does the employee meet the eligibility requirements?
To which agency did Title VII give authority to conduct its own enforcement litigation? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ EEOC
A woman's shelter hires only women as intake specialists and is being sued for disparate
treatment. Which role does HR have in relation to the EEOC? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Showing
bona fide occupational qualification
A 65-year-old woman was passed over for a job. When she inquired about this, the employer
told her, 'We're looking to create a younger workforce.' Which type of discrimination is reflected?
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Disparate treatment
An organization requires that job applicants have at least a bachelor. Applicants in a protected
class under Title VII claim that this requirement puts them at a disadvantage. Which rule
, determines whether there was substantial impact on the protected class? - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔ Four-fifths rule
Which practice is descriptive of a church requiring clergy to be of a particular denomination? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Bona fide occupational qualification
A company reduced a pregnant employee's hours from 40 per week to 8 o the basis that she
could no longer perform the fundamental requirements of her position. The employee is suing
the company. What statute will help the employee's case? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Pregnancy
Discrimination Act
Which claim alleges that the work atmosphere has become sexually charged with offensive
behaviors that interferes with an employee's work performance? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Hostile
environment
A company sets a goal to hire 30% women in engineering jobs. A class action lawsuit alleges
that this preference will result in denying jobs to otherwise qualified males. Which theory does
this scenario illustrate from the male's perspective? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Reverse
Discrimination
Whose duty is it to suggest a reasonable accommodation that is not readily obvious? -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Employee
Which demonstrates the goal of affirmative action? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Correcting
discriminatory practices
Which employer action is a possible employer defense to a claim asserted under the Age
Discrimination employment act? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Employing under 10 people ADEA
does not apply
An employee requests a schedule change to accommodate his religious practices. According to
Title VII, which action is considered an undue hardship for the employer? - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔ Mandating other employees change their schedule against their objections
Which race discrimination claim can be based on an employer's policy of racial animosity,
steering assignments or yielding to customer discriminatory preferences? - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔ Disparate Treatment
What are two types of conduct that make a company liable for race-based harassment?
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔ Unwelcome conduct Pervasive conduct
Which system for employers determines workers eligibility using form I9? - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔ E-Verify
An employee has demonstrated a tendency toward violent behavior in the workplace. This
tendency developed over several years but was not easily decernable when the employee was
initially hired. The employer is aware of the employee's violence but does not terminate the
employee. Which legal risk does the employer face in this situation? - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔
Negligent retention
What type of employee is considered exempt from overtime under the Fair Labor Standards
