BIO 121 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM
TEST BANK 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
What are three functions of proteins? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Movement (work horses of life)
Oxygen carrying Structure
What are the main decomposers in an ecosystem? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Fungi & bacteria
There is mercury in seafood. The seafood having the highest concentrations of mercury are where in
the food chain? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔At the top of the food chain
What is one lesson from the pyramid of numbers? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Eating grain-fed beef is an inefficient means of obtaining the energy trapped
by photosynthesis
What is a population? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔The members of one species that inhabit a particular
area at a given time
How does carbon in the air get into organic molecules? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Photosynthesis
If the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere was 300 parts per million (ppm) in 1950 and will be 400
ppm in the year 2020, what percent increase will have taken place? And what is the formula to
determine this? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Formula: difference/original x 100
100/300 x 100 = 33
What are two ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere? -
...ANSWER. 1. Cellular respiration
2. Burning of wood & fossil fuels
What is noteworthy or interesting about the nitrogen cycle? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔The nitrogen cycle begins with living organisms and their organic states &
decomposers break those organisms down once they are dead to turn the nitrogen in them to an
inorganic state.
Finally, plants take up that nitrogen & return it to an organic state
Morphine can dock on a brain receptor normally serving as a dock for a natural brain chemical named
endorphin. This best demonstrates what? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔That shape determines how
biological molecules recognize and respond to one another
What is one calorie? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔The amount of heat energy necessary to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of liquid water by 1 degree Celsius
Name a chemical functional group - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Hydroxyl OH Amino NH3
,What are the four major groups of large organic molecules? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Carbohydrates Lipids
Proteins Nucleic Acids
How many molecules of water are needed to completely breakdown a polymer that is 8 monomers
long? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔One molecule less than there are monomers. In this case, 7 molecules
Name a disaccharide or name a monosaccharide -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Disaccharide: lactose- milk sugar
Name the storage polysaccharide of plants or the storage polysaccharide of animals - - CORRECT
ANS - ✔✔Plants: starch Animals: glycogen
What is the main idea of using DNA or proteins as "tape measures" of evolution? - - CORRECT ANS
- ✔✔DNA and proteins are very long and coiled and if unwound could resemble a tape measure. Each
amino acid would indicate similarities between organisms over time and creates a lineage of which
organisms are closely related to. In which, humans and gorillas are only one amino acid different
which tells us that we are not that distantly related in evolutionary time
What kinds of bonds do animal lipids have? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Single bonds
What kinds of bonds do plant lipids have? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Double bonds
Are animal lipids predominantly saturated or unsaturated? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Predominantly saturated
Are plant lipids predominantly saturated or unsaturated? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Predominantly unsaturated
In the Devil's Garden experiment, explain what the results would have looked like if the D tree was the
cause instead of the ants -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔If the D tree was the cause instead of the ants in this experiment, you would
see the inside protected column raised, indicating more dead leaf tissue after one day
If a genetic mutation changes primary structure, why might it destroy the protein's function? - -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Changing the primary structure would change the shape of a protein. The shape
of a protein determines the function it will serve
Which two categories of plants do you consume in one day or one meal if you are not eating meat and
don't have soybeans or quinoa? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Grains and legumes
What is the cause of the biodiversity crisis? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Humans that are not aware of
, their environmental footprint and cause extinction of other species and organisms
What kinds of bonds are involved in maintaining the secondary structure of a protein? - - CORRECT
ANS - ✔✔Hydrogen bonds
Name a carnivorous plant that is native to New England, does its trap snap shut? - - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔Pitcher plant, no it does not snap shut
Contrast the flow of nutrients on the one hand, and energy on the other, in ecosystems - - CORRECT
ANS - ✔✔Flow of energy:
sun gives energy to microorganisms & decomposers, primary producers, primary consumers, and
secondary consumers
primary producers, primary consumers, & secondary consumers give off heat to the atmosphere as
well as heat to detrivus
Flow of nutrients:
primary producers give nutrients to primary consumers who give nutrients to secondary consumers
who give nutrients to detrivus
primary producers, primary consumers, & secondary consumers all give nutrients to detrivus who
gives nutrients to microorganisms
microorganisms give nutrients to primary producers
In photosynthesis what two things are needed to start the cycle and what are two products? - -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔H2O is needed to for the light reaction process and CO2 is needed for the
calvin cycle within photosynthesis
Two products of photosynthesis are O2 from the light reactions and sugar from the calvin cycle
You are living in the late 1800s and you want to find out which wavelengths of light are most useful
for photosynthesis. You have bacteria you are able to see with a microscope that congregate where
there is more oxygen. What would you do to find out which wavelengths of light are most useful for
photosynthesis? What else would you need? What would you see? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔I would
need a form of light and different color filters, maybe from a prism in order to produce different color
wavelengths to test which would be most conducive to photosynthesis. I would see that green
wavelengths are least effective but that blue, indigo, violet & red are the most useful wavelengths for
photosynthesis
What is a vesicle? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔A membrane sac in transit
What is an endomembrane system? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Membranes of the nucleus, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicles, and plasma membrane
What are ribosomes? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔The site of protein synthesis in all cells; the "dots" in
our process flow chart
What is the nucleolus? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Makes the ribosomes
What is the golgi apparatus? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Modifies and packages products form the
endoplasmic reticulum
TEST BANK 300 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
What are three functions of proteins? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Movement (work horses of life)
Oxygen carrying Structure
What are the main decomposers in an ecosystem? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Fungi & bacteria
There is mercury in seafood. The seafood having the highest concentrations of mercury are where in
the food chain? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔At the top of the food chain
What is one lesson from the pyramid of numbers? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Eating grain-fed beef is an inefficient means of obtaining the energy trapped
by photosynthesis
What is a population? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔The members of one species that inhabit a particular
area at a given time
How does carbon in the air get into organic molecules? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Photosynthesis
If the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere was 300 parts per million (ppm) in 1950 and will be 400
ppm in the year 2020, what percent increase will have taken place? And what is the formula to
determine this? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Formula: difference/original x 100
100/300 x 100 = 33
What are two ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere? -
...ANSWER. 1. Cellular respiration
2. Burning of wood & fossil fuels
What is noteworthy or interesting about the nitrogen cycle? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔The nitrogen cycle begins with living organisms and their organic states &
decomposers break those organisms down once they are dead to turn the nitrogen in them to an
inorganic state.
Finally, plants take up that nitrogen & return it to an organic state
Morphine can dock on a brain receptor normally serving as a dock for a natural brain chemical named
endorphin. This best demonstrates what? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔That shape determines how
biological molecules recognize and respond to one another
What is one calorie? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔The amount of heat energy necessary to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of liquid water by 1 degree Celsius
Name a chemical functional group - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Hydroxyl OH Amino NH3
,What are the four major groups of large organic molecules? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Carbohydrates Lipids
Proteins Nucleic Acids
How many molecules of water are needed to completely breakdown a polymer that is 8 monomers
long? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔One molecule less than there are monomers. In this case, 7 molecules
Name a disaccharide or name a monosaccharide -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Disaccharide: lactose- milk sugar
Name the storage polysaccharide of plants or the storage polysaccharide of animals - - CORRECT
ANS - ✔✔Plants: starch Animals: glycogen
What is the main idea of using DNA or proteins as "tape measures" of evolution? - - CORRECT ANS
- ✔✔DNA and proteins are very long and coiled and if unwound could resemble a tape measure. Each
amino acid would indicate similarities between organisms over time and creates a lineage of which
organisms are closely related to. In which, humans and gorillas are only one amino acid different
which tells us that we are not that distantly related in evolutionary time
What kinds of bonds do animal lipids have? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Single bonds
What kinds of bonds do plant lipids have? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Double bonds
Are animal lipids predominantly saturated or unsaturated? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Predominantly saturated
Are plant lipids predominantly saturated or unsaturated? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Predominantly unsaturated
In the Devil's Garden experiment, explain what the results would have looked like if the D tree was the
cause instead of the ants -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔If the D tree was the cause instead of the ants in this experiment, you would
see the inside protected column raised, indicating more dead leaf tissue after one day
If a genetic mutation changes primary structure, why might it destroy the protein's function? - -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Changing the primary structure would change the shape of a protein. The shape
of a protein determines the function it will serve
Which two categories of plants do you consume in one day or one meal if you are not eating meat and
don't have soybeans or quinoa? -
- CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Grains and legumes
What is the cause of the biodiversity crisis? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Humans that are not aware of
, their environmental footprint and cause extinction of other species and organisms
What kinds of bonds are involved in maintaining the secondary structure of a protein? - - CORRECT
ANS - ✔✔Hydrogen bonds
Name a carnivorous plant that is native to New England, does its trap snap shut? - - CORRECT ANS -
✔✔Pitcher plant, no it does not snap shut
Contrast the flow of nutrients on the one hand, and energy on the other, in ecosystems - - CORRECT
ANS - ✔✔Flow of energy:
sun gives energy to microorganisms & decomposers, primary producers, primary consumers, and
secondary consumers
primary producers, primary consumers, & secondary consumers give off heat to the atmosphere as
well as heat to detrivus
Flow of nutrients:
primary producers give nutrients to primary consumers who give nutrients to secondary consumers
who give nutrients to detrivus
primary producers, primary consumers, & secondary consumers all give nutrients to detrivus who
gives nutrients to microorganisms
microorganisms give nutrients to primary producers
In photosynthesis what two things are needed to start the cycle and what are two products? - -
CORRECT ANS - ✔✔H2O is needed to for the light reaction process and CO2 is needed for the
calvin cycle within photosynthesis
Two products of photosynthesis are O2 from the light reactions and sugar from the calvin cycle
You are living in the late 1800s and you want to find out which wavelengths of light are most useful
for photosynthesis. You have bacteria you are able to see with a microscope that congregate where
there is more oxygen. What would you do to find out which wavelengths of light are most useful for
photosynthesis? What else would you need? What would you see? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔I would
need a form of light and different color filters, maybe from a prism in order to produce different color
wavelengths to test which would be most conducive to photosynthesis. I would see that green
wavelengths are least effective but that blue, indigo, violet & red are the most useful wavelengths for
photosynthesis
What is a vesicle? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔A membrane sac in transit
What is an endomembrane system? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Membranes of the nucleus, endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicles, and plasma membrane
What are ribosomes? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔The site of protein synthesis in all cells; the "dots" in
our process flow chart
What is the nucleolus? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Makes the ribosomes
What is the golgi apparatus? - - CORRECT ANS - ✔✔Modifies and packages products form the
endoplasmic reticulum
