Botany 224 exam 1 |550 questions with verified
answers
"Plasmid", "Plastid", "Chloroplast", "Thylacoid", "Grana" ... confusing,
isn't it?
Plasmid means a
plastid means a
chloroplast means a
thylakoid means a
grana means a Ans✓✓✓1 small ring shaped DNA piece often with a
viral behavior
2 Eukaryote cell organelle derived from a cyanobacteria, may or may
not perform photosynthesis
3 eukaryote cell organnelle derived from a cyanobacteria, strictly the site
of photosynthesis
4 membrane pouch inside of chloroplasts
5 coarse structure inside of chloroplasts consisting of membrane-pouch
stacks
According to current molecular phylogeny, which are the extant
monophyletic clades of seed plants? Mark all that apply.
Ans✓✓✓Gymnosperms,
Angiosperms
According to thermodynamics, life organisms all represent a status of
higher order in terms of system complexity, representing the information
,required to describe this complexity. The reproduction of this
complexity requires that its information be maintained, and decay be
counteracted (aka, to stay alive). What is the paramount storage medium
for this information on Earth that allows its replication? (considering
earth as today) Ans✓✓✓DNA and RNA
After the invasion of organell endosymbionts into Eukaryote cells, genes
were transferred_________________. It is ____________ to translate
mRNA of the opposite domain. One reason is that __________
Ans✓✓✓- more from organell to the nucleus
- easier for an archaean
- many introns disrupt the protein synthesis in bacteria
Although placentarian mammals are relatively closely related, and may
look similar in early life, they may later look grossly different to the
human eye (e.g., chimpanzee face vs. human, Chihuahua vs. Great
Dane). How is this diversity of developmental processes called?
Ans✓✓✓Heterochrony
Appart from molecular data, which following arguments support the
assumption that photosynthesis entered the clade Chromalveolata from
Rhodophyta through amoeboid ancestors? Which is an example or
model for such amoeboid ancestors? Mark all that apply. Certain
Chromalveolata lineages ... Ans✓✓✓- ... have four membranes around
the plastids.
- ... have a reduced cell wall and are partially internal ingesters.
- ... have general carotinoids, not fucoxantins.
- The certain group of relatives are Cryptophyta.
,- ... have general starch, not laminarines (or chrysolaminarines).
- ... use phycobilins as secondary photosynthesis pigment along with
some chlorophyll c.
Assume a diploid individual has eight chromosomes in total (2n=8), and
is heterozygous for each of them. How many different genotypes of
gametes can come from this individual? (That is: how many different
combinations of chromosomes can be packed into one gamete?)
Ans✓✓✓16
Assume you have a hypothesis you want to test (e.g., "Barbie's hair is
blond"), how many additional, mutually excluding statements or
questions do you need AT LEAST? (hint: antithesis, Null-
Hypothesis)_________How many such additional alternative hypotheses
are allowed at most?_______ Ans✓✓✓1
infinite
Before the Red Banded Iron Formation took place, which step of
evolution had to be completed? Ans✓✓✓Photosystem II had to evolve
Bellflowers (Campanula) belong to the________. Their tubular flowers
that are typical for this group: stamen, sepals and [write]_________are
fused to a tube. The tube, the blue color, and a precise pollen
presentation mechanism indicate that the pollination is most often
by_________ Ans✓✓✓asteridae
petals
bees
, Biomining, Biotechnological Ore leaching, employs microorganisms to
enrich rare minerals from poor ores, such as Molybdenium or
Manganese. This mostly includes the reduction of metal elements,
rendering the ions more soluble, often in an environment of elevated
heat or acidity.What type of organisms are most often involved in this
technique? Hint: many of these organisms reduce Sulfur.
Ans✓✓✓Anaerobe Chemoautotrophs
Black Smokers are sites in __________ with __________; for example
in the area of the __________.They release waters with a high
concentration of ________ compounds, namely _________. They host
an ecosystem based on ____________ organisms that
__________________. Ans✓✓✓the deep sea
volcanic activity
mid-Atlantic ridge
partially reduced anorganic
chemoautotrophous
is independent from the sun as energy source
By which enzymatic process of photosynthesis is CO2 incorporated into
bio-molecules? Ans✓✓✓RuBP Carboxylase.
Cell Cycle: During the separation of chromosomes, how is the element
called that is responsible for the lokomotion of the chromosome along
the micrutubule? Ans✓✓✓Kinetochore.
answers
"Plasmid", "Plastid", "Chloroplast", "Thylacoid", "Grana" ... confusing,
isn't it?
Plasmid means a
plastid means a
chloroplast means a
thylakoid means a
grana means a Ans✓✓✓1 small ring shaped DNA piece often with a
viral behavior
2 Eukaryote cell organelle derived from a cyanobacteria, may or may
not perform photosynthesis
3 eukaryote cell organnelle derived from a cyanobacteria, strictly the site
of photosynthesis
4 membrane pouch inside of chloroplasts
5 coarse structure inside of chloroplasts consisting of membrane-pouch
stacks
According to current molecular phylogeny, which are the extant
monophyletic clades of seed plants? Mark all that apply.
Ans✓✓✓Gymnosperms,
Angiosperms
According to thermodynamics, life organisms all represent a status of
higher order in terms of system complexity, representing the information
,required to describe this complexity. The reproduction of this
complexity requires that its information be maintained, and decay be
counteracted (aka, to stay alive). What is the paramount storage medium
for this information on Earth that allows its replication? (considering
earth as today) Ans✓✓✓DNA and RNA
After the invasion of organell endosymbionts into Eukaryote cells, genes
were transferred_________________. It is ____________ to translate
mRNA of the opposite domain. One reason is that __________
Ans✓✓✓- more from organell to the nucleus
- easier for an archaean
- many introns disrupt the protein synthesis in bacteria
Although placentarian mammals are relatively closely related, and may
look similar in early life, they may later look grossly different to the
human eye (e.g., chimpanzee face vs. human, Chihuahua vs. Great
Dane). How is this diversity of developmental processes called?
Ans✓✓✓Heterochrony
Appart from molecular data, which following arguments support the
assumption that photosynthesis entered the clade Chromalveolata from
Rhodophyta through amoeboid ancestors? Which is an example or
model for such amoeboid ancestors? Mark all that apply. Certain
Chromalveolata lineages ... Ans✓✓✓- ... have four membranes around
the plastids.
- ... have a reduced cell wall and are partially internal ingesters.
- ... have general carotinoids, not fucoxantins.
- The certain group of relatives are Cryptophyta.
,- ... have general starch, not laminarines (or chrysolaminarines).
- ... use phycobilins as secondary photosynthesis pigment along with
some chlorophyll c.
Assume a diploid individual has eight chromosomes in total (2n=8), and
is heterozygous for each of them. How many different genotypes of
gametes can come from this individual? (That is: how many different
combinations of chromosomes can be packed into one gamete?)
Ans✓✓✓16
Assume you have a hypothesis you want to test (e.g., "Barbie's hair is
blond"), how many additional, mutually excluding statements or
questions do you need AT LEAST? (hint: antithesis, Null-
Hypothesis)_________How many such additional alternative hypotheses
are allowed at most?_______ Ans✓✓✓1
infinite
Before the Red Banded Iron Formation took place, which step of
evolution had to be completed? Ans✓✓✓Photosystem II had to evolve
Bellflowers (Campanula) belong to the________. Their tubular flowers
that are typical for this group: stamen, sepals and [write]_________are
fused to a tube. The tube, the blue color, and a precise pollen
presentation mechanism indicate that the pollination is most often
by_________ Ans✓✓✓asteridae
petals
bees
, Biomining, Biotechnological Ore leaching, employs microorganisms to
enrich rare minerals from poor ores, such as Molybdenium or
Manganese. This mostly includes the reduction of metal elements,
rendering the ions more soluble, often in an environment of elevated
heat or acidity.What type of organisms are most often involved in this
technique? Hint: many of these organisms reduce Sulfur.
Ans✓✓✓Anaerobe Chemoautotrophs
Black Smokers are sites in __________ with __________; for example
in the area of the __________.They release waters with a high
concentration of ________ compounds, namely _________. They host
an ecosystem based on ____________ organisms that
__________________. Ans✓✓✓the deep sea
volcanic activity
mid-Atlantic ridge
partially reduced anorganic
chemoautotrophous
is independent from the sun as energy source
By which enzymatic process of photosynthesis is CO2 incorporated into
bio-molecules? Ans✓✓✓RuBP Carboxylase.
Cell Cycle: During the separation of chromosomes, how is the element
called that is responsible for the lokomotion of the chromosome along
the micrutubule? Ans✓✓✓Kinetochore.
