GENERAL NURSING FINAL EXAM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024-2025
What is Erythema?
Redness of the skin
What is edema?
Swelling
What is Squamous cell carcinoma?
This cancer typically presents as a red lesion, either a red scaly crust, non-healing ulcer, or firm nodule.
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.
What is Melanoma?
This cancer typically presents as a larger (>6mm) black or brown lesion.
What is Superficial Burns?
Damage only the epidermal layer. They result from severe sunburn, hot liquid splash, or a brief flash
burn
No blisters, but much redness
What is Partial Thickness Burns?
,(Can be either superficial partial thickness or deep partial thickness)
Epidermal blisters present. Burned skin is wet, raw, and pink or cherry red in color that blanches with
pressure.
Full Thickness Burns
Burn causes immediate cellular and tissue death and subsequent vascular destruction, eschar forms
from necrotic cells and creates a dry and hard layer that requires debridement. Absent sensation and
pain due to destruction of free nerve endings
Osmotic diarrhea
Non-absorbable substance draws water into the GI tract
Normal pH value of blood
7.35-7.45
Normal CO2 in blood
35-45 mmHg
Normal Bicarbonate level in blood
22-26 mEq/L
ABG equation
CO2+H2O<->H2CO3 (bicarb)<->HCO3+H+
, innate immunity
A form of defense common to all animals that is active immediately upon exposure to pathogens and
that is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously.
specific immunity
Acquired or adaptive immunity: recognize specific agents, adapt/respond and target these agent
Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia
insufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular fluid. Some patients are asymptomatic. Clinical
manifestations include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, weakness, personality change, tetany
Turner's Syndrome (Monosomy X)
- only an X chromosome
- females (no Y)
- nonfunctional ovaries (infertile)
- short in stature
Turner's syndrome symptoms
Sx- congenital lymphedema, short stature, gondal dysgenesis, broad chest, small nipples, webbed neck,
coarctation of aorta, renal abdnormalities, epicanthal folds, nevi, short 4th metacarpal
--Need gondal hormone therapy for sex dev., enhancement of growth, & maintenance of sex reprod
tissue
S/S PUD
ANSWERS 2024-2025
What is Erythema?
Redness of the skin
What is edema?
Swelling
What is Squamous cell carcinoma?
This cancer typically presents as a red lesion, either a red scaly crust, non-healing ulcer, or firm nodule.
What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.
What is Melanoma?
This cancer typically presents as a larger (>6mm) black or brown lesion.
What is Superficial Burns?
Damage only the epidermal layer. They result from severe sunburn, hot liquid splash, or a brief flash
burn
No blisters, but much redness
What is Partial Thickness Burns?
,(Can be either superficial partial thickness or deep partial thickness)
Epidermal blisters present. Burned skin is wet, raw, and pink or cherry red in color that blanches with
pressure.
Full Thickness Burns
Burn causes immediate cellular and tissue death and subsequent vascular destruction, eschar forms
from necrotic cells and creates a dry and hard layer that requires debridement. Absent sensation and
pain due to destruction of free nerve endings
Osmotic diarrhea
Non-absorbable substance draws water into the GI tract
Normal pH value of blood
7.35-7.45
Normal CO2 in blood
35-45 mmHg
Normal Bicarbonate level in blood
22-26 mEq/L
ABG equation
CO2+H2O<->H2CO3 (bicarb)<->HCO3+H+
, innate immunity
A form of defense common to all animals that is active immediately upon exposure to pathogens and
that is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously.
specific immunity
Acquired or adaptive immunity: recognize specific agents, adapt/respond and target these agent
Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia
insufficient amount of magnesium in the extracellular fluid. Some patients are asymptomatic. Clinical
manifestations include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, weakness, personality change, tetany
Turner's Syndrome (Monosomy X)
- only an X chromosome
- females (no Y)
- nonfunctional ovaries (infertile)
- short in stature
Turner's syndrome symptoms
Sx- congenital lymphedema, short stature, gondal dysgenesis, broad chest, small nipples, webbed neck,
coarctation of aorta, renal abdnormalities, epicanthal folds, nevi, short 4th metacarpal
--Need gondal hormone therapy for sex dev., enhancement of growth, & maintenance of sex reprod
tissue
S/S PUD
