NURS 142 Exam4 with Complete
Solutions Rated A+
What is stress? - Answer ✔✔- - A term that begins with an event that evokes a degree
of tension. Physical, emotional, and chemical factors in the body that will create tension.
- Actual or alleged hazard to the balance of homeostasis for a person.
What is a stressor? - Answer ✔✔- an event or situation that causes stress
What is an appraisal? - Answer ✔✔- how a person interprets the impact of the stressor
What is Trauma? - Answer ✔✔- - Symptoms that persist beyond the duration of the
stressor, and still have symptoms after the stressor is gone.
What are the 3 stages of stress? - Answer ✔✔- alarm stage, resistance stage,
exhaustion stage
stress neutral: - Answer ✔✔- coping effective
- Represents your typical day-to-day stress, and it's well within existing coping
resources, and it's manageable.
- Ex: Making it to work on time (Normal stress; day-to-day).
Stress challenge: - Answer ✔✔- Coping effectively; new coping skills may be needed.
- Represents a person who is faced with moderate or greater stress than what you are
normally used to, but it is manageable.
- Something new to you! Such as nursing school!
Stress not manageable: - Answer ✔✔- coping ineffective, exceeds capacity to manage,
requires outside assistance
acute stress - Answer ✔✔- short term stress (most common form of stress)
Episodic stress - Answer ✔✔- stress resulting from life experiences and situations that
varies with those experiences. Usually self-inflicted, and common in type A people.
Chronic stress - Answer ✔✔- Continuous stressful arousal persisting over time (Long
term).
secondary traumatic stress - Answer ✔✔- A feeling of despair caused by the transfer of
emotion distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly
,What is a crisis? - Answer ✔✔- A sudden event in one's life that disturbs homeostasis,
during which usual coping mechanisms cannot resolve the problem
Explain what the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is. Identify the three stages of the
stress response. - Answer ✔✔- A three-stage physiological process that prepares or
adapts the body for danger, so that the individual is more likely to survive when faced
with a threat.
1) Initial alarm stage - Fight or flight.
2) Resistance stage - Compensation.
3) Exhaustion stage - No longer able to adapt.
Explain what is met by allostatic load? - Answer ✔✔- Meaning wear and tear on the
body which accumulates as an individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress.
How does stress affect the immune system? - Answer ✔✔- Stress affects the immune
system by causing prolonged changes, which can impair immune function. An impaired
immune system causes people to be more susceptible to infection, high blood pressure,
diabetes, and cancer.
What is primary appraisal and secondary appraisal? How do they play a part in
reactions to psychological stress? - Answer ✔✔- Primary appraisal - This means
interpreting an event in terms of personal meaning. When a person identifies an event
or circumstance as harmful, loss, threat, or challenge (Deciding if this will be an event
that will cause loss, threat, or harm me).
Secondary appraisal - When a person is also considering possible coping strategies or
resources available to help with the event (When a person is looking at their coping
mechanisms).
What is coping and why is it important? - Answer ✔✔- Coping - The person's cognitive
and behavioral efforts to manage stressors.
Coping is important to physical and psychological health because stress is associated
with a range of psychological and health outcomes.
What are ego defense mechanisms? - Answer ✔✔- They regulate emotional distress
and give the person protection from anxiety and stress (an indirect way of handling
stress and stressors.
What are the ego defense mechanisms? - Answer ✔✔- compensation, conversion,
denial, displacement, identification, dissociation, regression.
What is compensation? - Answer ✔✔- making up for weakness in one area by excelling
in another
, What is conversion? - Answer ✔✔- Unconsciously repressing anxiety producing
emotional conflict and becoming non-organic.
What is denial? - Answer ✔✔- refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
What is displacement? - Answer ✔✔- Transferring emotions to another situation.
Children having a hard time in their home and parents are arguing in the home and the
child becomes a bully in school.
What is indentification? - Answer ✔✔- Patterning behavior after another person's
qualities, characteristics, and actions that are better than yours.
What is dissociation? - Answer ✔✔- Experience in which people feel disconnected from
their sensory experience, sense of self, and personal history. Numbing feeling and
reduced awareness to surroundings and situations. "Find your mind wandering".
What is regression? - Answer ✔✔- Coping with a stressor through actions associated
with an early developmental period.
What are the 3 different types of crisis? - Answer ✔✔- Developmental crisis, situational
crisis, and adventitious crisis.
What is developmental crisis? - Answer ✔✔- occurs as a person moves through the
stages of life
What is situational crisis? - Answer ✔✔- External sources such as a job change, motor
vehicle crash, death, or severe illness provoke situational crises.
What is adventitious crisis? - Answer ✔✔- social crisis, includes natural disasters like
flood or earthquakes, violent crimes
What is the Newman system model? - Answer ✔✔- 1) Uses system approach.
2) A stressor at one place in the system affects other parts of the system.
3) The system is the person, family, and or community.
What is Roy's Adaptation Model? - Answer ✔✔- A person can modify external stimuli to
allow adaptation to occur.
What is Pender's health promotion Model? - Answer ✔✔- Focuses on promoting health
and managing stress and increasing a level of well-being.
Name the factors that influence stress and coping. - Answer ✔✔- 1) Situational factors -
arise from job changes, illness, and caregiver stress.
2) Maturational factors - Vary with life changes.
Solutions Rated A+
What is stress? - Answer ✔✔- - A term that begins with an event that evokes a degree
of tension. Physical, emotional, and chemical factors in the body that will create tension.
- Actual or alleged hazard to the balance of homeostasis for a person.
What is a stressor? - Answer ✔✔- an event or situation that causes stress
What is an appraisal? - Answer ✔✔- how a person interprets the impact of the stressor
What is Trauma? - Answer ✔✔- - Symptoms that persist beyond the duration of the
stressor, and still have symptoms after the stressor is gone.
What are the 3 stages of stress? - Answer ✔✔- alarm stage, resistance stage,
exhaustion stage
stress neutral: - Answer ✔✔- coping effective
- Represents your typical day-to-day stress, and it's well within existing coping
resources, and it's manageable.
- Ex: Making it to work on time (Normal stress; day-to-day).
Stress challenge: - Answer ✔✔- Coping effectively; new coping skills may be needed.
- Represents a person who is faced with moderate or greater stress than what you are
normally used to, but it is manageable.
- Something new to you! Such as nursing school!
Stress not manageable: - Answer ✔✔- coping ineffective, exceeds capacity to manage,
requires outside assistance
acute stress - Answer ✔✔- short term stress (most common form of stress)
Episodic stress - Answer ✔✔- stress resulting from life experiences and situations that
varies with those experiences. Usually self-inflicted, and common in type A people.
Chronic stress - Answer ✔✔- Continuous stressful arousal persisting over time (Long
term).
secondary traumatic stress - Answer ✔✔- A feeling of despair caused by the transfer of
emotion distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly
,What is a crisis? - Answer ✔✔- A sudden event in one's life that disturbs homeostasis,
during which usual coping mechanisms cannot resolve the problem
Explain what the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is. Identify the three stages of the
stress response. - Answer ✔✔- A three-stage physiological process that prepares or
adapts the body for danger, so that the individual is more likely to survive when faced
with a threat.
1) Initial alarm stage - Fight or flight.
2) Resistance stage - Compensation.
3) Exhaustion stage - No longer able to adapt.
Explain what is met by allostatic load? - Answer ✔✔- Meaning wear and tear on the
body which accumulates as an individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress.
How does stress affect the immune system? - Answer ✔✔- Stress affects the immune
system by causing prolonged changes, which can impair immune function. An impaired
immune system causes people to be more susceptible to infection, high blood pressure,
diabetes, and cancer.
What is primary appraisal and secondary appraisal? How do they play a part in
reactions to psychological stress? - Answer ✔✔- Primary appraisal - This means
interpreting an event in terms of personal meaning. When a person identifies an event
or circumstance as harmful, loss, threat, or challenge (Deciding if this will be an event
that will cause loss, threat, or harm me).
Secondary appraisal - When a person is also considering possible coping strategies or
resources available to help with the event (When a person is looking at their coping
mechanisms).
What is coping and why is it important? - Answer ✔✔- Coping - The person's cognitive
and behavioral efforts to manage stressors.
Coping is important to physical and psychological health because stress is associated
with a range of psychological and health outcomes.
What are ego defense mechanisms? - Answer ✔✔- They regulate emotional distress
and give the person protection from anxiety and stress (an indirect way of handling
stress and stressors.
What are the ego defense mechanisms? - Answer ✔✔- compensation, conversion,
denial, displacement, identification, dissociation, regression.
What is compensation? - Answer ✔✔- making up for weakness in one area by excelling
in another
, What is conversion? - Answer ✔✔- Unconsciously repressing anxiety producing
emotional conflict and becoming non-organic.
What is denial? - Answer ✔✔- refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
What is displacement? - Answer ✔✔- Transferring emotions to another situation.
Children having a hard time in their home and parents are arguing in the home and the
child becomes a bully in school.
What is indentification? - Answer ✔✔- Patterning behavior after another person's
qualities, characteristics, and actions that are better than yours.
What is dissociation? - Answer ✔✔- Experience in which people feel disconnected from
their sensory experience, sense of self, and personal history. Numbing feeling and
reduced awareness to surroundings and situations. "Find your mind wandering".
What is regression? - Answer ✔✔- Coping with a stressor through actions associated
with an early developmental period.
What are the 3 different types of crisis? - Answer ✔✔- Developmental crisis, situational
crisis, and adventitious crisis.
What is developmental crisis? - Answer ✔✔- occurs as a person moves through the
stages of life
What is situational crisis? - Answer ✔✔- External sources such as a job change, motor
vehicle crash, death, or severe illness provoke situational crises.
What is adventitious crisis? - Answer ✔✔- social crisis, includes natural disasters like
flood or earthquakes, violent crimes
What is the Newman system model? - Answer ✔✔- 1) Uses system approach.
2) A stressor at one place in the system affects other parts of the system.
3) The system is the person, family, and or community.
What is Roy's Adaptation Model? - Answer ✔✔- A person can modify external stimuli to
allow adaptation to occur.
What is Pender's health promotion Model? - Answer ✔✔- Focuses on promoting health
and managing stress and increasing a level of well-being.
Name the factors that influence stress and coping. - Answer ✔✔- 1) Situational factors -
arise from job changes, illness, and caregiver stress.
2) Maturational factors - Vary with life changes.
