Nr565 Final Exam| 290+ Questions And Answers Rated A+ | 2024/2025 Guide

NR565 FINAL EXAM| 290+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
RATED A+ | 2024/2025 GUIDE




1. Glucose Production & Release ANS >> -All cells in the body need energy to
function

• primarily comes from glucose; a type of sugar found in carbohydrates.

-between meals, glucose stores in the liver are released into the bloodstream

• ensures a constant source of energy for the body

-After a meal, carbohydrates are digested & release glucose into the bloodstream

2. Insulin Release in Type I Diabetes ANS >> -As glucose levels in the blood
rise, beta cells in the pancreas are stimulated to release insulin


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,-Insulin halts the livers glucose release & initiates small amounts of glucose to be
stored in the liver for future use

-type 1 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are damaged or destroyed

• damaged beta cells produce little to no insulin

3. Systemic Insulin and Glucose in Type I Diabetes ANS >> -Insulin &
glucose travel through the bloodstream to reach cells throughout the body

-Due to diminished insulin production, patients with type 1 diabetes have a low
insulin concentration & high glucose (sugar) concentration in their blood

4. Glucose Absorption in Type I Diabetes ANS >> -Insulin is required for glucose
to enter cells & be used as energy

-Once arriving at the intended cell, insulin binds to specialized receptors on the cell
surface

• initiates glucose transporters to open & glucose to flow into the cell

-type 1 diabetes, low levels of insulin prevent adequate amounts of glucose from
entering the cell

• Because glucose remains in the bloodstream & is not used by the cell as energy,
patients with type 1 diabetes may experience fatigue, exhaustion, & dizziness

5. Insulin Release in Type II Diabetes ANS >> -As glucose levels in the blood
rise, beta cells in the pancreas are stimulated to release insulin

-insulin halts the livers glucose release & initiates small amounts of glucose to be
stored in the liver for future use

-In type 2 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells become damaged or destroyed over time

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,• damaged beta cells produce little to no insulin.

6. Systemic Insulin and Glucose in Type II Diabetes ANS >> -Insulin &
glucose travel through the bloodstream to reach cells throughout the body

-Insulin is required for glucose to enter cells & be used as energy

-In type 2 diabetes, insulin is not used properly & glucose remains in the bloodstream

• leads to high levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia).

7. Glucose Absorption in Type II Diabetes ANS >> -Once arriving at the
intended cell, insulin binds to specialized receptors on the cell surface

• initiates glucose transporters to open & glucose to flow into the cell

-type 2 diabetes, the body is resistant to the effects of insulin & does not properly




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, bind to insulin receptors
N N N




-Due to insulin resistance & resulting hyperglycemia, patients with type 2
N N N N N N N N N N


Ndiabetes may experience increased thirst or hunger, fatigue, blurry vision, and
N N N N N N N N N N


Nslow-healing wounds N




8. Hypothyroidism ANS >> -an underproduction of the hormone thyroxine (T4)
N N NN N N N N N N




-When the thyroid produces too little thyroxine
N N N N N N




• body's metabolism slows down
N N N




• wide array of effects on the body
N N N N N N




-Hypothyroidism can cause ANS >> N N N N N




• fatigue

• depressed mood N




• slow heart rate
N N




• constipation

• weight gain N




• irregular menstrual periods N N




-more common in women >60 & people who have a family hx of the condition
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N




9. Hyperthyroidism ANS >> -an overproduction of thyroid hormones ANS >> N N NN N N N N N N N


triiodothyronine (T3), & thyroxine (T4)
N N N N N

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