,CHAPTER 1: Psychology Is a Way of Thinking
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES P1
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research
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are similar and how they differ.
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Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
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Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and app ed research and describe the interactions b
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etween the two kinds of research.
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Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just on
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e study on a research question.
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Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journa sm; des
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cribe the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journa sts can write better stories about
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scientific news.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE P1
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire p1 p1 p1
b. Applying a new therapy technique p1 p1 p1 p1
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
d. Undergoing a brain scan p1 p1 p1
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
b. Consenting to participate in a research study p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
c. Attending a psychological conference p1 p1 p1
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose
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which of the following professions?
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a. A c nical psychologist
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b. An intervention program evaluator
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c. A po tical pollster
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d. An advertising executive
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ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
of the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
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a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Understanding
5.
El ott is double majoring in Eng sh and psychology. He plans on being a high school Eng sh teac
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her and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the follow
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ing is an important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
b. He will kely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
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c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
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.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p1
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Data Cycle OBJ:p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.2 p1 p1
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
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.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p1
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.2 p1 p1
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n) p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p1
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.2 p1 p1
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundam
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ental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and compete
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nce. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related a
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
nd competent do feel happier but that fee ng more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thi
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nks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not bei
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ng evaluated.
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Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
an example of which of the following?
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. A theory p1
b. A hypothesis p1
c. Data
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES P1
Learning Objective 1.1: Articulate how the roles of consumers and producers of psychological research
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
are similar and how they differ.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.2: Explain how theories and data interact to form empirical inquiry.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.3: Identify examples of basic and app ed research and describe the interactions b
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 ui p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
etween the two kinds of research.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the role of the peer-review process in science.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.5: Give examples of ways that researchers dig deeper by doing more than just on
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
e study on a research question.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.6: Describe the differences between empirical journals and popular journa sm; des
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 ui p1
cribe the goals of each format and give examples of ways that journa sts can write better stories about
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 ui p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p
scientific news.
1 p1
MULTIPLE CHOICE P1
1. Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research?
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. Administering an anxiety questionnaire p1 p1 p1
b. Applying a new therapy technique p1 p1 p1 p1
c. Writing an opinion article about a psychological study
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
d. Undergoing a brain scan p1 p1 p1
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Producer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Understanding
2. Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
b. Consenting to participate in a research study p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
c. Attending a psychological conference p1 p1 p1
d. Measuring dopamine levels in patients with schizophrenia
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Applying
,3.
Students who are interested in being consumers of, but not producers of, research might choose
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
which of the following professions?
p1 p1 p1 p1
a. A c nical psychologist
p1 ui p1
b. An intervention program evaluator
p1 p1 p1
c. A po tical pollster
p1 ui p1
d. An advertising executive
p1 p1
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Analyzing
4.
Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
of the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. He wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
b. He wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
c. He wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
d. He wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Understanding
5.
El ott is double majoring in Eng sh and psychology. He plans on being a high school Eng sh teac
ui p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 ui p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 ui p1
her and is only majoring in psychology because he finds the classes interesting. Which of the follow
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ing is an important reason for him to be a good consumer of research?
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. His psychology advisor may ask for his help in copy-editing a research article.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
b. He will kely need to be a participant in research studies as part of his psychology major.
p1 p1ui p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
c. He will probably want to read research related to enhancing his teaching.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
d. He will have to produce research before he can consume it.
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p1
1.1 Research Producers, Research Consumers: Why the Consumer Role Is Important OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.1 p1 p1
MSC: Applying
6. In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
.
a. questions
b. answers
, c. data
d. research
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: p1
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Data Cycle OBJ:p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.2 p1 p1
MSC: Understanding
7. Another word for hypothesis is a(n)
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: p1
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.2 p1 p1
MSC: Remembering
8. Another word for data is a(n) p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
.
a. theory
b. observation
c. prediction
d. outcome
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: p1
1.2 How Scientists Approach Their Work: Scientists Test Theories: The Theory-Data Cycle OBJ:
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
Learning Objective 1.2 p1 p1
MSC: Remembering
9.
RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan (1985, 2001) have proposed that there are three fundam
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ental needs that are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and compete
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
nce. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related a
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
nd competent do feel happier but that fee ng more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thi
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 ui p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
nks that maybe autonomy is only necessary when people are in situations in which they are not bei
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
ng evaluated.
p1
Deci and Ryan‘s general statement of how the three needs are related to growth and fulfillment is
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
an example of which of the following?
p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1 p1
a. A theory p1
b. A hypothesis p1
c. Data
