1
SOLUTION MANUAL
,
American Government: Political
, ,
Development and Institutional Change
, , ,
12thEditionbyCalJillson,AllChapters1-16
, , , , , , , , ,
, 2
TABLE,OF,CONTENTS
1. Chapter, 1,The,Origins,of,American,Political,Principles
2. Chapter, 2,The,Revolution,and,the,Constitution
3. Chapter, 3,Federalism,and,American,Political,Development
4. Chapter, 4,Political,Socialization,and,Public,Opinion
5. Chapter, 5,The,Mass,Media,and,the,Political,Agenda
6. Chapter, 6,Interest,Groups:,The,Politics,of,Influence
7. Chapter, 7,Political,Parties:,Winning,the,Right,to,Govern
8. Chapter, 8,Voting,,Campaigns,,and,Elections
9. Chapter, 9,Congress:,Partisanship,,Polarization,,and,Gridlock
10. Chapter, 10,The,President:,Executive,Power,in,a,Separation,of, Powers,Regime
11. Chapter, 11,Bureaucracy:,Redesigning,Government,for,the,Twenty-First,Century
12. Chapter, 12,The,Federal,Courts:,Activism,versus,Restraint
13. Chapter, 13,Civil,Liberties:,Ordered,Liberty,in,America
14. Chapter, 14,Civil,Rights:,Where,Liberty,and,Equality,Collide
15. Chapter, 15,Government,, The,Economy,,and,Domestic,Policy
16. Chapter, 16,America’s,Global,Role,in,the,Twenty-First,Century
, 3
Chapter,1
THE,ORIGINS,OF,AMERICAN,POLITICAL,PRINCIPLES
FOCUS,QUESTIONS
Q1 What,are,the,broad,purposes,of,government?
A1
The,ancients,believed,the,role,of,government,and,politics,was,to,foster,human
, excellence.,However,,it,is,imperative,to,remember,that,the,Greeks,and,Romans, be
lieved,the,virtuous,should,rule,according,to,natural,law.,Furthermore,,valuesof, equ
ality,and,order,would,be,served,through,a,society,based,upon,the,rule,oflaw,to, pr
ovide,for,the,common,good.,In,the,Middle,Ages,,government,was,largely,used, to,f
acilitate,religion,and,maintained,the,need,for,the,individual,to,live,a,proper,life, in,
the,service,of,God.,The,role,of,government,changed,in,the,early,sixteenth, century,
by,downplaying,the,role,of,religion,while,alternatively,promoting,the,role, of,limite
d,government,to,protect,private,property,and,individual,rights.
Q2 How,should,government,be,designed,to,achieve,its,purposes?
A2 According,to,Plato,the,philosopher-
king’s,wisdom,and,intellect,would,promote, order,,stability,and,justice.,Yet,,Aristotle,t
akes,a,more,realistic,view,of,Athenian, society,by,advocating,the,best,form,of,gover
nment,as,a,polity,,which,combined, oligarchic,and,democratic,elements,to,produce,p
olitical,stability.,The,Romans, combined,monarchical,,aristocratic,,and,democratic,pri
nciples,as,a,mixed, government,within,representative,bodies,like,the,Senate,and,the,
Assembly,in,order, to,champion,the,causes,of,both,the,rich,and,the,poor.,Government,
in,theMiddle, Ages,was,determined,through,divine,right,,whereby,a,monarch,or,Pope
, was, ordained,by,God,to,rule.,Hence,,wisdom,and,virtue,rested,within,these,few, ind
ividuals,who,governed,to,promote,religious,life,and,protect,the,religious, establishm
ent.,The,Renaissance,,Protestant,Reformation,,and,Enlightenment, Periods,shifted,the,
role,of,government,from,upholding,religious,doctrine,to, secular, concerns,,such,as,pro
tecting,inalienable,rights,,including,private,property,,and, promoting,commerce.,In,tu
rn,,Enlightenment,political
©,2023,Taylor,&,Francis
, 4
philosophers,largely,appealed,to,individualism,and,not,religious,hierarchy,as,amean
s, to,provide,order,and,stability,in,which,individuals,could,flourish.
Q3
What,lessons,about,government,did,colonial,Americans,draw,from,the,history,o
fancient,Greece,and, Rome?
A3
Plato,was,suspicious,of,democracy’s,rule,of,the,many,because,good,governme
nt, would,decay,into,mob,rule.,Hence,,the,passions,of,the,masses,needed,to,be,quelle
d, by,more,aristocratic,elements.,With,this,problem,in,mind,,the,Framers,ofthe,U.S., C
onstitution,referenced,the,institutional,design,of,the,Roman,republic,adhered,to, the,t
radition,of,mixed,government,initially,expounded,by,Aristotle, and,the,Romans., This,
was,maintained,in,the,indirect,selection,of,both,the,Senateand,the,presidency, within,
the,Constitution.,Aristotle,also,advocated,mixing,aristocratic,and,democratic, elemen
ts,in,a,governing,structure,called,a,polity.,In,effect,,this,governmental,design, allowed
,the,few,and,the,many,to,participate,in,the,politics,providing,an,orderly, society,whe
re,the,poor,should,be,able,to,select,government,officials,who,were,held, accountable
.,This,was,also,made,manifest,inthe,Constitution,with,its,aristocratic-
like, Senate,and,the,more,democratic,House,of,Representatives.,Thus,the,American, r
epublic’s,Constitution,established,institutional,powers,to,govern,according,to,the, rule
,of,law.,While,the,Framers,rejected,the,religious,hierarchy,of,the,Middle,Ages,, they,
appealed,to,inalienable,rights,endowed,upon,every,individual,by,God,,per,the, writ
ings,of,John,Locke,,in,which,a,just,government,and,society,could,not,be, impeded.
Q4 What,circumstances,led,Europeans,to,leave,their,homelands,to,settle,in,America?
A4
Individuals,immigrated,to,the,colonies,to,escape,religious,persecution,and,civil
, unrest,after,the,English,Civil,War,and,to,pursue,social,and,economic, opportunities.,
Colonists,enjoyed,a,vast,array,of,natural,resources,and,a,large,geographical,area,
where,freedom,of,religion,and,economic,opportunity,flourished.,Also,,their, heteroge
neous,social,composition,as,well,as,continual,promotion,of,ideals,,such,as, equality,an
d,tolerance,,tended,to,promote,political,freedom,at,the,same,time,that, social,expan
sion,of,the,population,was,occurring.
Q5 What,did,democracy,mean,to,our,colonial,ancestors,,and,did,they,approve,it?
A5
The,colonists,were,skeptical,of,democracy,and,viewed,this,type,of,governing,
authority,as,mob,rule.,Society,was,largely,seen,as,segmented,into,those,who,should,
rule,and,those,who,should,not.,In,fact,,the,Founders,believed,that,the,elite,(well-
, educated,,land,owners),should,occupy,positions,of,leadership.,Thus,, an,aristocratic,
element,within,government,was,necessary,to,protect,against,thethreat,of,mob,rule, h
istorically,associated,with,democracy.,Fundamentally,,the,idea,of,republicanism, wa
s,promoted,as,an,ideal,at,a,higher,level,than,democracy.,This,was,made,most, manif
est,in,the,tendency,to,prefer,mixed
©,2023,Taylor,&,Francis
SOLUTION MANUAL
,
American Government: Political
, ,
Development and Institutional Change
, , ,
12thEditionbyCalJillson,AllChapters1-16
, , , , , , , , ,
, 2
TABLE,OF,CONTENTS
1. Chapter, 1,The,Origins,of,American,Political,Principles
2. Chapter, 2,The,Revolution,and,the,Constitution
3. Chapter, 3,Federalism,and,American,Political,Development
4. Chapter, 4,Political,Socialization,and,Public,Opinion
5. Chapter, 5,The,Mass,Media,and,the,Political,Agenda
6. Chapter, 6,Interest,Groups:,The,Politics,of,Influence
7. Chapter, 7,Political,Parties:,Winning,the,Right,to,Govern
8. Chapter, 8,Voting,,Campaigns,,and,Elections
9. Chapter, 9,Congress:,Partisanship,,Polarization,,and,Gridlock
10. Chapter, 10,The,President:,Executive,Power,in,a,Separation,of, Powers,Regime
11. Chapter, 11,Bureaucracy:,Redesigning,Government,for,the,Twenty-First,Century
12. Chapter, 12,The,Federal,Courts:,Activism,versus,Restraint
13. Chapter, 13,Civil,Liberties:,Ordered,Liberty,in,America
14. Chapter, 14,Civil,Rights:,Where,Liberty,and,Equality,Collide
15. Chapter, 15,Government,, The,Economy,,and,Domestic,Policy
16. Chapter, 16,America’s,Global,Role,in,the,Twenty-First,Century
, 3
Chapter,1
THE,ORIGINS,OF,AMERICAN,POLITICAL,PRINCIPLES
FOCUS,QUESTIONS
Q1 What,are,the,broad,purposes,of,government?
A1
The,ancients,believed,the,role,of,government,and,politics,was,to,foster,human
, excellence.,However,,it,is,imperative,to,remember,that,the,Greeks,and,Romans, be
lieved,the,virtuous,should,rule,according,to,natural,law.,Furthermore,,valuesof, equ
ality,and,order,would,be,served,through,a,society,based,upon,the,rule,oflaw,to, pr
ovide,for,the,common,good.,In,the,Middle,Ages,,government,was,largely,used, to,f
acilitate,religion,and,maintained,the,need,for,the,individual,to,live,a,proper,life, in,
the,service,of,God.,The,role,of,government,changed,in,the,early,sixteenth, century,
by,downplaying,the,role,of,religion,while,alternatively,promoting,the,role, of,limite
d,government,to,protect,private,property,and,individual,rights.
Q2 How,should,government,be,designed,to,achieve,its,purposes?
A2 According,to,Plato,the,philosopher-
king’s,wisdom,and,intellect,would,promote, order,,stability,and,justice.,Yet,,Aristotle,t
akes,a,more,realistic,view,of,Athenian, society,by,advocating,the,best,form,of,gover
nment,as,a,polity,,which,combined, oligarchic,and,democratic,elements,to,produce,p
olitical,stability.,The,Romans, combined,monarchical,,aristocratic,,and,democratic,pri
nciples,as,a,mixed, government,within,representative,bodies,like,the,Senate,and,the,
Assembly,in,order, to,champion,the,causes,of,both,the,rich,and,the,poor.,Government,
in,theMiddle, Ages,was,determined,through,divine,right,,whereby,a,monarch,or,Pope
, was, ordained,by,God,to,rule.,Hence,,wisdom,and,virtue,rested,within,these,few, ind
ividuals,who,governed,to,promote,religious,life,and,protect,the,religious, establishm
ent.,The,Renaissance,,Protestant,Reformation,,and,Enlightenment, Periods,shifted,the,
role,of,government,from,upholding,religious,doctrine,to, secular, concerns,,such,as,pro
tecting,inalienable,rights,,including,private,property,,and, promoting,commerce.,In,tu
rn,,Enlightenment,political
©,2023,Taylor,&,Francis
, 4
philosophers,largely,appealed,to,individualism,and,not,religious,hierarchy,as,amean
s, to,provide,order,and,stability,in,which,individuals,could,flourish.
Q3
What,lessons,about,government,did,colonial,Americans,draw,from,the,history,o
fancient,Greece,and, Rome?
A3
Plato,was,suspicious,of,democracy’s,rule,of,the,many,because,good,governme
nt, would,decay,into,mob,rule.,Hence,,the,passions,of,the,masses,needed,to,be,quelle
d, by,more,aristocratic,elements.,With,this,problem,in,mind,,the,Framers,ofthe,U.S., C
onstitution,referenced,the,institutional,design,of,the,Roman,republic,adhered,to, the,t
radition,of,mixed,government,initially,expounded,by,Aristotle, and,the,Romans., This,
was,maintained,in,the,indirect,selection,of,both,the,Senateand,the,presidency, within,
the,Constitution.,Aristotle,also,advocated,mixing,aristocratic,and,democratic, elemen
ts,in,a,governing,structure,called,a,polity.,In,effect,,this,governmental,design, allowed
,the,few,and,the,many,to,participate,in,the,politics,providing,an,orderly, society,whe
re,the,poor,should,be,able,to,select,government,officials,who,were,held, accountable
.,This,was,also,made,manifest,inthe,Constitution,with,its,aristocratic-
like, Senate,and,the,more,democratic,House,of,Representatives.,Thus,the,American, r
epublic’s,Constitution,established,institutional,powers,to,govern,according,to,the, rule
,of,law.,While,the,Framers,rejected,the,religious,hierarchy,of,the,Middle,Ages,, they,
appealed,to,inalienable,rights,endowed,upon,every,individual,by,God,,per,the, writ
ings,of,John,Locke,,in,which,a,just,government,and,society,could,not,be, impeded.
Q4 What,circumstances,led,Europeans,to,leave,their,homelands,to,settle,in,America?
A4
Individuals,immigrated,to,the,colonies,to,escape,religious,persecution,and,civil
, unrest,after,the,English,Civil,War,and,to,pursue,social,and,economic, opportunities.,
Colonists,enjoyed,a,vast,array,of,natural,resources,and,a,large,geographical,area,
where,freedom,of,religion,and,economic,opportunity,flourished.,Also,,their, heteroge
neous,social,composition,as,well,as,continual,promotion,of,ideals,,such,as, equality,an
d,tolerance,,tended,to,promote,political,freedom,at,the,same,time,that, social,expan
sion,of,the,population,was,occurring.
Q5 What,did,democracy,mean,to,our,colonial,ancestors,,and,did,they,approve,it?
A5
The,colonists,were,skeptical,of,democracy,and,viewed,this,type,of,governing,
authority,as,mob,rule.,Society,was,largely,seen,as,segmented,into,those,who,should,
rule,and,those,who,should,not.,In,fact,,the,Founders,believed,that,the,elite,(well-
, educated,,land,owners),should,occupy,positions,of,leadership.,Thus,, an,aristocratic,
element,within,government,was,necessary,to,protect,against,thethreat,of,mob,rule, h
istorically,associated,with,democracy.,Fundamentally,,the,idea,of,republicanism, wa
s,promoted,as,an,ideal,at,a,higher,level,than,democracy.,This,was,made,most, manif
est,in,the,tendency,to,prefer,mixed
©,2023,Taylor,&,Francis
