WGU BioChem OA Review
Comprehensive Questions (Frequently
Tested) with Verified Answers Graded A+
Autosomal - Answer: Males and Females are equally affected
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Answer: The process of copying DNA in the lab.
What is needed for Polymerase Chain Reaction? - Answer: Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS),
DNA Polymerase, and DNA Primers.
What are the three steps of a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)? - Answer: Denaturing,
Annealing, Elongating
What is the first step of a Polymerase Chain Reaction? - Answer: Denaturing (DNA is heated up
to separate it)
What is Annealing? - Answer: Cooling the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Primers stick to the DNA
that you want to copy and ADD DNA Polymerase
What is elongating? - Answer: The Polymerase Chain Reaction is heated and DNA Polymerase
adds nucleotides to build a new DNA strand.
What is NOT involved in PCR? - Answer: Ligase
What is base excision repair (BER)? - Answer: It is used to repair damage to bases caused by
harmful molecules by removing the base that is damaged and replacing it. #1 GLYCOSYLASES see
the damaged DNA. #2 DNA Polymerase puts the right one back #3 DNA Ligase seals it.
, What are the 3 steps in base excision repair? - Answer: DNA Glycolysase sees the damage and
removes it, DNA polymerase puts the tight base back, DNA ligase seals it back up.
How many nucleotides does base excision repair remove? - Answer: 1
What is it called when a large section of the nucleotide is removed from the DNA so that DNA
polymerase can try again? (This corrects DNA damage) - Answer: Mismatch Repair (MMR). It is
the only one to occur during REPLICATION - DURING THE PROOFREADING
What repairs a base mismatch? - Answer: Mismatch Repair (MMR) repairs errors such as G with
T instead of G with C. DNA Polymerase fixes it. This happens during replication and MMR
removes a large section of the nucleotide from the DNA and DNA Polymerase tries again.
What is DNA Transcription? - Answer: When DNA polymerase takes an individual nucleotide and
matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. (it must bind with RNA primer
to work). ie: DNA Polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA
What is NecleoTIDE repair - Answer: CLEANS damage caused by things such as UV rays and
repairs it. A large section of nucleotides are removed, including the damaged portion, along
with a few on each side. It is then replaced by DNA polymerase.
What is Homologous Recombination? - Answer: It repairs double stranded breaks (last effort) by
copying another strand of DNA and replacing it completely.
What is Non-Homologous Recombintaion? - Answer: Another last effort to repair a double
strand break by putting the ends back together before making sure they are correctly copied.
This can lead to deletions/insertions (frameshift mutations).
Comprehensive Questions (Frequently
Tested) with Verified Answers Graded A+
Autosomal - Answer: Males and Females are equally affected
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Answer: The process of copying DNA in the lab.
What is needed for Polymerase Chain Reaction? - Answer: Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS),
DNA Polymerase, and DNA Primers.
What are the three steps of a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)? - Answer: Denaturing,
Annealing, Elongating
What is the first step of a Polymerase Chain Reaction? - Answer: Denaturing (DNA is heated up
to separate it)
What is Annealing? - Answer: Cooling the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Primers stick to the DNA
that you want to copy and ADD DNA Polymerase
What is elongating? - Answer: The Polymerase Chain Reaction is heated and DNA Polymerase
adds nucleotides to build a new DNA strand.
What is NOT involved in PCR? - Answer: Ligase
What is base excision repair (BER)? - Answer: It is used to repair damage to bases caused by
harmful molecules by removing the base that is damaged and replacing it. #1 GLYCOSYLASES see
the damaged DNA. #2 DNA Polymerase puts the right one back #3 DNA Ligase seals it.
, What are the 3 steps in base excision repair? - Answer: DNA Glycolysase sees the damage and
removes it, DNA polymerase puts the tight base back, DNA ligase seals it back up.
How many nucleotides does base excision repair remove? - Answer: 1
What is it called when a large section of the nucleotide is removed from the DNA so that DNA
polymerase can try again? (This corrects DNA damage) - Answer: Mismatch Repair (MMR). It is
the only one to occur during REPLICATION - DURING THE PROOFREADING
What repairs a base mismatch? - Answer: Mismatch Repair (MMR) repairs errors such as G with
T instead of G with C. DNA Polymerase fixes it. This happens during replication and MMR
removes a large section of the nucleotide from the DNA and DNA Polymerase tries again.
What is DNA Transcription? - Answer: When DNA polymerase takes an individual nucleotide and
matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. (it must bind with RNA primer
to work). ie: DNA Polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA
What is NecleoTIDE repair - Answer: CLEANS damage caused by things such as UV rays and
repairs it. A large section of nucleotides are removed, including the damaged portion, along
with a few on each side. It is then replaced by DNA polymerase.
What is Homologous Recombination? - Answer: It repairs double stranded breaks (last effort) by
copying another strand of DNA and replacing it completely.
What is Non-Homologous Recombintaion? - Answer: Another last effort to repair a double
strand break by putting the ends back together before making sure they are correctly copied.
This can lead to deletions/insertions (frameshift mutations).
