PCA PLANT PATHOGENS EXAM 2025 | ALL QUESTIONS AND
PCA - Plant Pathogens
CORRECT ANSWERS | NEWEST EXAM | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
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ANSWERS (JUST RELEASED)
1. Plant Disease Def- Abnormal physiological processes caused by a causal pathogen
inition
2. Economic signifi- Losses of yield, crops, inputs, land
cance of plant
diseases
3. Pathogen Causal agent of disease
4. Signs of disease Structures of the pathogen
5. Symptoms of dis- Plant response to pathogen infection
ease
6. Abiotic factors of Air pollution, temperature, nutrients
plant disease
7. Biotic factors of Living organisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses)
plant disease
8. Obligate parasite unable to grow outside of a living host
9. Facultative prefers living organic matter as a source of nutrition but can adapt to the use of
saprophyte dead organic matter under certain conditions
10. Facultative para- A pathogen that prefers dead inorganic material, but can also obtain nourishment
site from living organic material
11. Biotroph Any parasite that cannot survive in a dead host and therefore keeps it alive
12. Necrotroph Parasite that kills host cells
13. Koch's Postulates series of guidelines used to identify the microorganism that causes a specific
disease
, PCA - Plant Pathogens
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14. Three compo- Causal agent, environment, host
nents of disease
triangle
15. Role of each com- All three must be present for disease to occur. Environment must favor causal
ponent of dis- agent. Host must favor causal agent.
ease triangle
16. How humans im- Manipulate the environment, host-plant resistance, preventative/suppressive/er-
pact each com- radicative pesticides
ponent of dis-
ease triangle
17. Impact of epi- Slows epidemic to a halt. Disease spread needs all three components interacting
demic when one
component of
disease triangle
does not come
into contact with
the other two
components
18. Management Alter planting dates, remove alternative hosts, alter harvest
strategy to break
environment
component
19. Management Alternate crop, host-plant resistance
strategy to break
host component
20. Management Pesticide applications
strategy to break
, PCA - Plant Pathogens
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causal agent
component
21. How can knowl- Can rule out different pathogens based on host and environment.
edge of plant dis-
ease triangle be
used in diagno-
sis?
22. Epidemiology Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control
of diseases that affect large numbers of people.
23. Environmental Temperature, humidity, moisture, soil pH, nutrient availability, air movement
factors that
affect epidemics
24. Importance of Epidemics develop very quickly if conditions are favorable. It is critical to reduce
time in the devel- the rate of infection during susceptible life stages of the plant
opment of an epi-
demic
25. How does type of Polycyclic epidemics can develop much more rapidly than monocyclic epidemics
reproduction cy- because of secondary inoculum production.
cle affect devel-
opment of an epi-
demic
26. How does dis- Conditions that increase dissemination will accelerate development of epidemics
semination affect
development of
an epidemic
27. Disease that only has a primary infection cycle
, PCA - Plant Pathogens
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Monocyclic dis-
ease
28. Polycyclic dis- Disease that produces a secondary inoculum, and has a secondary infection cycle
ease in addition to a primary infection cycle
29. Why are mono- Controlling primary inoculum is much easier than controlling primary and sec-
cyclic diseases ondary inoculum. Once primary inoculum is controlled and dissemination is
less likely to re- controlled, the disease essentially stops developing.
sult in serious
epidemics?
30. How do sanita- Epidemic may be delayed, but severe epidemic can still occur if environmental
tion practices im- conditions are favorable for disease development
pact monocyclic
diseases?
31. How do sani- Reducing primary inoculum may reduce the amount of secondary inoculum
tation practices produced. If rate of infection is high, there is little effect. But if rate of infection is
impact polycyclic low, it may reduce an epidemic
diseases?
32. Formae specialis Indicates a fungus is adapted to a specific host
33. Incubation peri- interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms
od
34. Infection Invasion of a plant by a pathogen
35. Infestation Large numbers of pathogen present causing damage
36. Inoculum Infecting agent of a pathogen
37. Latent infection infection in which the infectious agent is present but not causing symptoms
PCA - Plant Pathogens
CORRECT ANSWERS | NEWEST EXAM | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xrg7m
ANSWERS (JUST RELEASED)
1. Plant Disease Def- Abnormal physiological processes caused by a causal pathogen
inition
2. Economic signifi- Losses of yield, crops, inputs, land
cance of plant
diseases
3. Pathogen Causal agent of disease
4. Signs of disease Structures of the pathogen
5. Symptoms of dis- Plant response to pathogen infection
ease
6. Abiotic factors of Air pollution, temperature, nutrients
plant disease
7. Biotic factors of Living organisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses)
plant disease
8. Obligate parasite unable to grow outside of a living host
9. Facultative prefers living organic matter as a source of nutrition but can adapt to the use of
saprophyte dead organic matter under certain conditions
10. Facultative para- A pathogen that prefers dead inorganic material, but can also obtain nourishment
site from living organic material
11. Biotroph Any parasite that cannot survive in a dead host and therefore keeps it alive
12. Necrotroph Parasite that kills host cells
13. Koch's Postulates series of guidelines used to identify the microorganism that causes a specific
disease
, PCA - Plant Pathogens
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xrg7m
14. Three compo- Causal agent, environment, host
nents of disease
triangle
15. Role of each com- All three must be present for disease to occur. Environment must favor causal
ponent of dis- agent. Host must favor causal agent.
ease triangle
16. How humans im- Manipulate the environment, host-plant resistance, preventative/suppressive/er-
pact each com- radicative pesticides
ponent of dis-
ease triangle
17. Impact of epi- Slows epidemic to a halt. Disease spread needs all three components interacting
demic when one
component of
disease triangle
does not come
into contact with
the other two
components
18. Management Alter planting dates, remove alternative hosts, alter harvest
strategy to break
environment
component
19. Management Alternate crop, host-plant resistance
strategy to break
host component
20. Management Pesticide applications
strategy to break
, PCA - Plant Pathogens
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xrg7m
causal agent
component
21. How can knowl- Can rule out different pathogens based on host and environment.
edge of plant dis-
ease triangle be
used in diagno-
sis?
22. Epidemiology Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control
of diseases that affect large numbers of people.
23. Environmental Temperature, humidity, moisture, soil pH, nutrient availability, air movement
factors that
affect epidemics
24. Importance of Epidemics develop very quickly if conditions are favorable. It is critical to reduce
time in the devel- the rate of infection during susceptible life stages of the plant
opment of an epi-
demic
25. How does type of Polycyclic epidemics can develop much more rapidly than monocyclic epidemics
reproduction cy- because of secondary inoculum production.
cle affect devel-
opment of an epi-
demic
26. How does dis- Conditions that increase dissemination will accelerate development of epidemics
semination affect
development of
an epidemic
27. Disease that only has a primary infection cycle
, PCA - Plant Pathogens
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_9xrg7m
Monocyclic dis-
ease
28. Polycyclic dis- Disease that produces a secondary inoculum, and has a secondary infection cycle
ease in addition to a primary infection cycle
29. Why are mono- Controlling primary inoculum is much easier than controlling primary and sec-
cyclic diseases ondary inoculum. Once primary inoculum is controlled and dissemination is
less likely to re- controlled, the disease essentially stops developing.
sult in serious
epidemics?
30. How do sanita- Epidemic may be delayed, but severe epidemic can still occur if environmental
tion practices im- conditions are favorable for disease development
pact monocyclic
diseases?
31. How do sani- Reducing primary inoculum may reduce the amount of secondary inoculum
tation practices produced. If rate of infection is high, there is little effect. But if rate of infection is
impact polycyclic low, it may reduce an epidemic
diseases?
32. Formae specialis Indicates a fungus is adapted to a specific host
33. Incubation peri- interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms
od
34. Infection Invasion of a plant by a pathogen
35. Infestation Large numbers of pathogen present causing damage
36. Inoculum Infecting agent of a pathogen
37. Latent infection infection in which the infectious agent is present but not causing symptoms
