MSN 610 Quiz 4
Percussion - ANSWER: percuss at 4- to 5- cm intervals over the intercostal spaces,
Hyperresonance - ANSWER: associated with hyperinflation may indicate emphysema, pneumothorax, or
asthma.
Dullness or flatness - ANSWER: suggests pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, or asthma
Diaphragmatic excursion - ANSWER: excursion distance is usually 3-5 cm.
diaphragm - ANSWER: usually higher on the right than on the left because it sits over the bulk of the liver.
Tachypnea - ANSWER: persistent RR above this is an adult.
• Tachypnea - ANSWER: symptom of protective splinting from the pain of a broken rib or pleurisy. Massive
liver enlargement or abdominal ascites may prevent descent of the diaphragm and produce a similar pattern.
Bradypnea - ANSWER: -rate slower than 12 respirations per min.
Bradypnea - ANSWER: o May indicate neurologic or electrolyte disturbance, infection, or a conscious response
to protect against the pain of pleurisy or other irritative phenomena. May also indicate an excellent level of
cardiorespiratory fitness
Hyperventilation - ANSWER: breathing rapidly (tachypnea), breathing deeply (hyperpnea) or both. Exercise
and anxiety can cause hyperpnea, but so can CNS and metabolic disease.
Kussmaul breathing - ANSWER: deep and most often rapid, associated with respiratory acidosis.
Hypopnea - ANSWER: abnormally shallow respirations.
, Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ANSWER: regular periodic pattern of breathing with intervals of apnea followed by
crescendo/decrescendo sequence of respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ANSWER: o Children and adults may exhibit this pattern during sleep, but
otherwise occurs in patients who are seriously ill, particularly those with brain damage at the cerebral level.
Air trapping - ANSWER: result of a prolonged but inefficient expiratory effort. trapping can also result from
increased resistance chronic bronchitis), decreased elastic recoil of the lung (i.e., emphysema) or a drop in the
critical closing pressure of the airway (i.e., asthma). may be Biot respiration
Air trapping - ANSWER: The rate of respiration increases to compensate; as this happens, the effort becomes
more shallow, the amount of trapped air increases, and the lungs hyperinflate. On a chronic basis, this can
lead to barrel chest.
Biot or ataxic respiration - ANSWER: irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of
apnea, but lacking the repetitive pattern of periodic respiration.
Biot respiration - ANSWER: usually is associated with severe and persistent increased intracranial pressure,
respiratory compromise resulting from drug poisoning, or brain damage at the level of the medulla and
generally indicates a poor prognosis
prolonged expiration and bulging on expiration - ANSWER: caused by airway outflow obstruction or the
valvelike action of compression by a tumor, aneurysm, or enlarged heart. The costal angle widens beyond 90
degrees.
Retraction - ANSWER: - chest wall caves in at the sternum, between ribs and at the suprasternal notch, above
clavicles, and at the lower costal margins.
Retraction - ANSWER: Suggests obstruction. o When object is high in the respiratory tree, breathing is
characterized as stridor.
Paradoxical breathing- - ANSWER: inspiration the lower thorax is drawn in, and on expiration, the opposite
occurs.
pursing - ANSWER: (increased expiratory effort),
Percussion - ANSWER: percuss at 4- to 5- cm intervals over the intercostal spaces,
Hyperresonance - ANSWER: associated with hyperinflation may indicate emphysema, pneumothorax, or
asthma.
Dullness or flatness - ANSWER: suggests pneumonia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, or asthma
Diaphragmatic excursion - ANSWER: excursion distance is usually 3-5 cm.
diaphragm - ANSWER: usually higher on the right than on the left because it sits over the bulk of the liver.
Tachypnea - ANSWER: persistent RR above this is an adult.
• Tachypnea - ANSWER: symptom of protective splinting from the pain of a broken rib or pleurisy. Massive
liver enlargement or abdominal ascites may prevent descent of the diaphragm and produce a similar pattern.
Bradypnea - ANSWER: -rate slower than 12 respirations per min.
Bradypnea - ANSWER: o May indicate neurologic or electrolyte disturbance, infection, or a conscious response
to protect against the pain of pleurisy or other irritative phenomena. May also indicate an excellent level of
cardiorespiratory fitness
Hyperventilation - ANSWER: breathing rapidly (tachypnea), breathing deeply (hyperpnea) or both. Exercise
and anxiety can cause hyperpnea, but so can CNS and metabolic disease.
Kussmaul breathing - ANSWER: deep and most often rapid, associated with respiratory acidosis.
Hypopnea - ANSWER: abnormally shallow respirations.
, Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ANSWER: regular periodic pattern of breathing with intervals of apnea followed by
crescendo/decrescendo sequence of respiration
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ANSWER: o Children and adults may exhibit this pattern during sleep, but
otherwise occurs in patients who are seriously ill, particularly those with brain damage at the cerebral level.
Air trapping - ANSWER: result of a prolonged but inefficient expiratory effort. trapping can also result from
increased resistance chronic bronchitis), decreased elastic recoil of the lung (i.e., emphysema) or a drop in the
critical closing pressure of the airway (i.e., asthma). may be Biot respiration
Air trapping - ANSWER: The rate of respiration increases to compensate; as this happens, the effort becomes
more shallow, the amount of trapped air increases, and the lungs hyperinflate. On a chronic basis, this can
lead to barrel chest.
Biot or ataxic respiration - ANSWER: irregular respirations varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of
apnea, but lacking the repetitive pattern of periodic respiration.
Biot respiration - ANSWER: usually is associated with severe and persistent increased intracranial pressure,
respiratory compromise resulting from drug poisoning, or brain damage at the level of the medulla and
generally indicates a poor prognosis
prolonged expiration and bulging on expiration - ANSWER: caused by airway outflow obstruction or the
valvelike action of compression by a tumor, aneurysm, or enlarged heart. The costal angle widens beyond 90
degrees.
Retraction - ANSWER: - chest wall caves in at the sternum, between ribs and at the suprasternal notch, above
clavicles, and at the lower costal margins.
Retraction - ANSWER: Suggests obstruction. o When object is high in the respiratory tree, breathing is
characterized as stridor.
Paradoxical breathing- - ANSWER: inspiration the lower thorax is drawn in, and on expiration, the opposite
occurs.
pursing - ANSWER: (increased expiratory effort),
