NUR 245 EXAM 2
Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Pressure within the skull, normal range 5-15 mm Hg.
Monro-Kellie Doctrine
Fixed skull volume; one component's increase requires another's decrease.
Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF)
Brain uses 20% oxygen and 25% glucose from blood.
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)
CPP = MAP - ICP; normal range 60-100 mm Hg.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle.
,Cerebral Ischemia
Insufficient blood flow to the brain, below 50 mm Hg CPP.
Cushing's Triad
Signs of increased ICP: hypertension, bradycardia, irregular breathing.
Vasogenic Edema
Fluid leakage due to blood-brain barrier breakdown.
Cytotoxic Edema
Fluid shifts into cells, often from hypoxia.
Interstitial Edema
Fluid accumulation in brain ventricles, related to hydrocephalus.
CT Scan
Imaging tool for diagnosing increased ICP.
, Mannitol
Osmotic diuretic used to reduce ICP.
Stroke
Ischemia or hemorrhage causing brain cell death.
Ischemic Stroke
87% of strokes; caused by blood flow blockage.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Caused by bleeding in the brain.
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
Age, gender, ethnicity, family history increase stroke risk.
Modifiable Risk Factors
Hypertension, diabetes, smoking can be managed to reduce risk.
Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Pressure within the skull, normal range 5-15 mm Hg.
Monro-Kellie Doctrine
Fixed skull volume; one component's increase requires another's decrease.
Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF)
Brain uses 20% oxygen and 25% glucose from blood.
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)
CPP = MAP - ICP; normal range 60-100 mm Hg.
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
Average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle.
,Cerebral Ischemia
Insufficient blood flow to the brain, below 50 mm Hg CPP.
Cushing's Triad
Signs of increased ICP: hypertension, bradycardia, irregular breathing.
Vasogenic Edema
Fluid leakage due to blood-brain barrier breakdown.
Cytotoxic Edema
Fluid shifts into cells, often from hypoxia.
Interstitial Edema
Fluid accumulation in brain ventricles, related to hydrocephalus.
CT Scan
Imaging tool for diagnosing increased ICP.
, Mannitol
Osmotic diuretic used to reduce ICP.
Stroke
Ischemia or hemorrhage causing brain cell death.
Ischemic Stroke
87% of strokes; caused by blood flow blockage.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Caused by bleeding in the brain.
Non-Modifiable Risk Factors
Age, gender, ethnicity, family history increase stroke risk.
Modifiable Risk Factors
Hypertension, diabetes, smoking can be managed to reduce risk.
