WGU C180 Study Guide |! |! |! |!
questions with accurate |! |! |!|!
solutions
What do psychologists study? - Correct answer ✔• Biological Foundations
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• Mental Life
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• Change
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• Self and Others
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• Potential and Dysfunction
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What is the scientific method and how is it applied to psychological research?
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- Correct answer ✔The scientific method is the set of assumptions, rules, and
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procedures scientists use to conduct research. In addition to requiring that
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science is verifiable, the scientific method demands that procedures are free
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of personal bias.
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What is the definition of a hypothesis? - Correct answer ✔A specific and
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falsifiable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.
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What is an operational definition? Provide an example. - Correct answer ✔An
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operational definition refers to a precise statement of how a conceptual
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variable ( abstract idea that form the basis of research hypotheses ) which is
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turned into a measured variable ( varialbes consisting of numbers that
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
represent the conceptual variables ) |! |! |! |!
,(Conceptual Variable) Depression - (operational definition) Number of |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
negative words used in a creative story; number of appointments made with a
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psychotherapist
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Why are ethical guidelines needed within psychological research? - Correct
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answer ✔These are needed with psychological research is the prevent
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physical and/or emotional harm to the participants.
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What are the various research methods in the field of psychology? - Correct
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answer ✔Descriptive Research |! |!
Correlational Research |!
Experimental Research |!
What is descriptive research? - Correct answer ✔research designed to provide
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
a snapshot of the current state of affairs.
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What is Correlational Research - Correct answer ✔research designed to
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discover relationships among variables and to allow the prediction of future
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events from present knowledge.|! |! |!
What is Experimental Research - Correct answer ✔research in which there is
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a random assignment of research participants into two groups. This is
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followed by a manipulation of a given experience for one group while the
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other is not manipulated. One group is the experimental group that receives
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the manipulation. The other group is the control group that does not. The
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two groups are then compared to determine the influence of the
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manipulation.
,What is the relationship between a population and a sample? - Correct
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answer ✔The people chosen to participate in the research, called a sample,
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are selected to be representative of all the people that the researcher wishes
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to know about, called the population. "Sampling is the process of selecting a
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representative group from the population under study. The target population |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
is the total group of individuals from which the sample might be drawn. A
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
sample is the group of people who take part in the investigation. The people
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
who take part are referred to as "participants"."
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Independent Variable - Correct answer ✔The variable in an experiment that
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is manipulated or compared
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Dependent Variable - Correct answer ✔The variable in an experiment that is
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measured; the outcome of an experiment |! |! |! |! |!
Control Group - Correct answer ✔The group of subjects in an experiment
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that does not receive the independent variable
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Experimental Group - Correct answer ✔EXPERIMENTAL GROUP is the |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
group receiving the independent variable
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What does a correlational research design examine? Provide an example. -
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Correct answer ✔research designed to discover relationships among variables
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and to allow the prediction of future events from present knowledge.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
, Describe examples of a positive and a negative correlation. - Correct answer
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✔Correlational-To assess the relationships between and among two or more |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
variables.
Postiive - As children age they get better at math
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Negative - Age of a child and the number of diapers they use "Negative
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correlation, the variables move in inverse, or opposite, directions. As one |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
variable increases, the other variable decreases. For example, there is a
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
negative correlation between self-esteem and depression. Positive correlation
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
is when there is an increase in one variable it is associated with an increase
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
in another variable. For example: with height and weight, taller people tend
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
to be heavier."
|! |!
What are the differences in interpretations of correlational and experimental
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
designs? - Correct answer ✔In correlational studies a researcher looks for
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
associations among naturally occurring variables, whereas in experimental |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
studies the researcher introduces a change and then monitors its effects.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
"An experiment isolates and manipulates the independent variable to observe
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
its effect on the dependent variable, and controls the environment in order
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
that extraneous variables may be eliminated. Experiments establish cause and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
effect. A correlation identifies variables and looks for a relationship between
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
them."
What are the four parts of a neuron and its role in neural communication? -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔Cell Body (Soma), Dendrites, Axon, Myelin Sheath
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Cell Body (Soma) - Correct answer ✔contains the nucleus of the cell and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
keeps the cell alive |! |! |!
questions with accurate |! |! |!|!
solutions
What do psychologists study? - Correct answer ✔• Biological Foundations
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
• Mental Life
|! |!
• Change
|!
• Self and Others
|! |! |! |!
• Potential and Dysfunction
|! |! |!
What is the scientific method and how is it applied to psychological research?
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
- Correct answer ✔The scientific method is the set of assumptions, rules, and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
procedures scientists use to conduct research. In addition to requiring that
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
science is verifiable, the scientific method demands that procedures are free
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
of personal bias.
|! |!
What is the definition of a hypothesis? - Correct answer ✔A specific and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
falsifiable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
What is an operational definition? Provide an example. - Correct answer ✔An
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
operational definition refers to a precise statement of how a conceptual
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
variable ( abstract idea that form the basis of research hypotheses ) which is
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
turned into a measured variable ( varialbes consisting of numbers that
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
represent the conceptual variables ) |! |! |! |!
,(Conceptual Variable) Depression - (operational definition) Number of |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
negative words used in a creative story; number of appointments made with a
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
psychotherapist
|!
Why are ethical guidelines needed within psychological research? - Correct
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
answer ✔These are needed with psychological research is the prevent
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
physical and/or emotional harm to the participants.
|! |! |! |! |! |!
What are the various research methods in the field of psychology? - Correct
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
answer ✔Descriptive Research |! |!
Correlational Research |!
Experimental Research |!
What is descriptive research? - Correct answer ✔research designed to provide
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
a snapshot of the current state of affairs.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
What is Correlational Research - Correct answer ✔research designed to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
discover relationships among variables and to allow the prediction of future
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
events from present knowledge.|! |! |!
What is Experimental Research - Correct answer ✔research in which there is
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
a random assignment of research participants into two groups. This is
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
followed by a manipulation of a given experience for one group while the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
other is not manipulated. One group is the experimental group that receives
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
the manipulation. The other group is the control group that does not. The
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
two groups are then compared to determine the influence of the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
manipulation.
,What is the relationship between a population and a sample? - Correct
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
answer ✔The people chosen to participate in the research, called a sample,
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
are selected to be representative of all the people that the researcher wishes
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
to know about, called the population. "Sampling is the process of selecting a
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
representative group from the population under study. The target population |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
is the total group of individuals from which the sample might be drawn. A
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
sample is the group of people who take part in the investigation. The people
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
who take part are referred to as "participants"."
|! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Independent Variable - Correct answer ✔The variable in an experiment that
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
is manipulated or compared
|! |! |!
Dependent Variable - Correct answer ✔The variable in an experiment that is
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
measured; the outcome of an experiment |! |! |! |! |!
Control Group - Correct answer ✔The group of subjects in an experiment
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
that does not receive the independent variable
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Experimental Group - Correct answer ✔EXPERIMENTAL GROUP is the |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
group receiving the independent variable
|! |! |! |!
What does a correlational research design examine? Provide an example. -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔research designed to discover relationships among variables
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and to allow the prediction of future events from present knowledge.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
, Describe examples of a positive and a negative correlation. - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Correlational-To assess the relationships between and among two or more |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
variables.
Postiive - As children age they get better at math
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Negative - Age of a child and the number of diapers they use "Negative
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
correlation, the variables move in inverse, or opposite, directions. As one |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
variable increases, the other variable decreases. For example, there is a
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
negative correlation between self-esteem and depression. Positive correlation
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
is when there is an increase in one variable it is associated with an increase
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
in another variable. For example: with height and weight, taller people tend
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
to be heavier."
|! |!
What are the differences in interpretations of correlational and experimental
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
designs? - Correct answer ✔In correlational studies a researcher looks for
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
associations among naturally occurring variables, whereas in experimental |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
studies the researcher introduces a change and then monitors its effects.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
"An experiment isolates and manipulates the independent variable to observe
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
its effect on the dependent variable, and controls the environment in order
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
that extraneous variables may be eliminated. Experiments establish cause and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
effect. A correlation identifies variables and looks for a relationship between
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
them."
What are the four parts of a neuron and its role in neural communication? -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔Cell Body (Soma), Dendrites, Axon, Myelin Sheath
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Cell Body (Soma) - Correct answer ✔contains the nucleus of the cell and
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
keeps the cell alive |! |! |!
