TAMU BIOL 319 Lab Practical 1 Questions and Verified Solutions
Multinucleated cell that secretes acid and proteases to dissolve bone matrix - ✔✔Define:
Osteoclast Stem cell that gives way to osteoblasts - ✔✔Define: Osteoprogenitor Cell
Derived from osteoprogentior cells; secretes organic components of bone matrix; can give
way to osteocyte - ✔✔Define: Osteoblast Derived from osteoblasts; involved in bone
maintenance - ✔✔Define: Osteocyte The study of tissues - ✔✔Define: Histology Epithelial
Connective Muscle Nervous - ✔✔What are the four main tissue types? Lining and covering
organs and their internal passageways - ✔✔Where are epithelial tissues located? The side
of the epithelium that is exposed to the external environment/internal cavity - ✔✔Define:
Free surface (wrt epithelium) True - ✔✔T/F: Epithelia are avascular Basal Lamina -
✔✔Epithelia are attached to the body via _____________. Connective - ✔✔Located below a
basal lamina is a layer of __________ tissue. Diffusion, absorption, and secretion - ✔✔Main
function of simple epithelia Cilia or microvilli - ✔✔Simple epithelia generally have ______ or
_______ on the free surface. Secrete mucus that coat free surface of simple epithelial cells
- ✔✔Main function of goblet cells Sweep mucus to remove debris - ✔✔Main funtion of
microvilli of simple epithelial cells Increase surface area for absorption - ✔✔Main function
of cilia of simple epithelial cells Areas exposed to friction/abrasion - ✔✔Where are
stratified epithelia cells found? The type of cell at the free surface - ✔✔When a stratified
epithelium has more than one type of cell ___________ determines the classification of the
tissue. Glandular - ✔✔____________ epithelia IS vascularized. Any gland within the body -
✔✔Glandular epithelial cells make up ________. Nourishment (exposure to vascular
structures) - ✔✔What determines an epithelial cell's ability to regenerate? Single layer of
flat cells Sparse cytoplasm Central, disk-shaped nucleus - ✔✔Physical description of
simple squamous epithelium Allow for diffusion Filtration Secrete lube in serosae -
✔✔Function of simple squamous epithelium Kidney glomeruli Air sack of lungs Blood and
lymphatic vessels Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae) - ✔✔Location of simple
squamous epithelium Serous membranes that line ventral body cavity and its organs -
✔✔Location of mesothelium Single layer of cube shaped cells Large, spherical, central
nuclei - ✔✔Physical description of simple cuboidal epithelium Secretion and absorption -
✔✔Function of simple cuboidal epithelium Kidney tubules Ducts/secretory section of
small glands Ovary surface - ✔✔Location of simple cuboidal epithelium Single layer of tall
cells Round/oval nuclei May posses cilia May be located with goblet cells - ✔✔Physical
description of simple columnar epithelium Absorption Secrete mucus/enzymes/other
Propel mucus - ✔✔Function of simple columnar epithelium Digestive tract lining
, Gallbladder Excretory ducts of some glands Small Bronchi Uterine tubes - ✔✔Location of
simple columnar epithelium Cuboidal or columnar Metabolically active - ✔✔What are the
characteristic of the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium? Secretion Propel
mucus - ✔✔Function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia Glycoprotein and
polysaccharide molecules - ✔✔What are the main substituents of the ground substance of
connective tissue? Stationary cells Secrete proteins Join molecules to create collagen and
elastic fibers - ✔✔Define: Fibroblast To ingest microbes and dead cells - ✔✔What is the
purpose of macrophages in connective tissue? Release histamine when tissues become
damadged - ✔✔What is the purpose of mast cells? Fat cells that contain vacoules for lipid
storage - ✔✔Define: Adipocyte Open network of protein fibers Thick syrupy ground
substance - ✔✔Define: Loose connective tissue Collagen and elastic fibers - ✔✔What
types of fibers are found in dense connective tissue? Dense regular and dense irregular -
✔✔What are the two types of dense connective tissue? Dense regular tissue has fibers
that are arranged in parallel bands Dense irregular fibers are randomly interwoven -
✔✔What are the main differences between dense regular and dense irregular? Blood and
lymph - ✔✔What are the two types of fluid connective tissues? Bone and cartilage -
✔✔What are the two types of supporting connective tissue? Calcium phosphate and
calcium carbonate salt crystalized on collagen fibers - ✔✔What comprises
hydroxyapatite? Perchondrium - ✔✔What produces chondrocytes? Secrete ground
substance of cartilage matrix - ✔✔Function of chondroblast Membrane the surrounds all
supporting connective tissue in cartilage - ✔✔Define: Perichondrium Chondrocyte -
✔✔When a chondroblast become enclosed in a lacunae, what is it called? Maintain
mature collagen tissue - ✔✔Purpose of chondrocytes Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage -
✔✔Three types of cartilage Areolar Adipose Reticular - ✔✔Three types of loose connective
tissue Regular Irregular Elastic - ✔✔Three types of dense connective tissue Compact
Spongy - ✔✔Two types of bone Wrap/cushion organs Hold/convey tissue fluid Indirectly
involved in immunity/inflammation - ✔✔Function of areolar tissue Areolar tissue - ✔✔
Adipose tissue - ✔✔ Provide reserve food fuel Insulate Support and protect organs -
✔✔Function of adipose tissue Reticular Tissue - ✔✔ Soft internal skeleton to support other
cells - ✔✔Function of reticular tissue Attach muscle to bone Attach bone to bone
Withstand great tensile force - ✔✔Function of dense regular tissue Dense regular tissue -
✔✔ Allow tissue recoil following stretching Maintain pulsatile flow of blood through
arteries Passive recoil during respiration - ✔✔Functions of dense irregular tissue Dense
irregular tissue - ✔✔ Bone tissue - ✔✔ Lacuna containing osteocyte - ✔✔ Cannaliculi - ✔✔
Multinucleated cell that secretes acid and proteases to dissolve bone matrix - ✔✔Define:
Osteoclast Stem cell that gives way to osteoblasts - ✔✔Define: Osteoprogenitor Cell
Derived from osteoprogentior cells; secretes organic components of bone matrix; can give
way to osteocyte - ✔✔Define: Osteoblast Derived from osteoblasts; involved in bone
maintenance - ✔✔Define: Osteocyte The study of tissues - ✔✔Define: Histology Epithelial
Connective Muscle Nervous - ✔✔What are the four main tissue types? Lining and covering
organs and their internal passageways - ✔✔Where are epithelial tissues located? The side
of the epithelium that is exposed to the external environment/internal cavity - ✔✔Define:
Free surface (wrt epithelium) True - ✔✔T/F: Epithelia are avascular Basal Lamina -
✔✔Epithelia are attached to the body via _____________. Connective - ✔✔Located below a
basal lamina is a layer of __________ tissue. Diffusion, absorption, and secretion - ✔✔Main
function of simple epithelia Cilia or microvilli - ✔✔Simple epithelia generally have ______ or
_______ on the free surface. Secrete mucus that coat free surface of simple epithelial cells
- ✔✔Main function of goblet cells Sweep mucus to remove debris - ✔✔Main funtion of
microvilli of simple epithelial cells Increase surface area for absorption - ✔✔Main function
of cilia of simple epithelial cells Areas exposed to friction/abrasion - ✔✔Where are
stratified epithelia cells found? The type of cell at the free surface - ✔✔When a stratified
epithelium has more than one type of cell ___________ determines the classification of the
tissue. Glandular - ✔✔____________ epithelia IS vascularized. Any gland within the body -
✔✔Glandular epithelial cells make up ________. Nourishment (exposure to vascular
structures) - ✔✔What determines an epithelial cell's ability to regenerate? Single layer of
flat cells Sparse cytoplasm Central, disk-shaped nucleus - ✔✔Physical description of
simple squamous epithelium Allow for diffusion Filtration Secrete lube in serosae -
✔✔Function of simple squamous epithelium Kidney glomeruli Air sack of lungs Blood and
lymphatic vessels Lining of ventral body cavity (serosae) - ✔✔Location of simple
squamous epithelium Serous membranes that line ventral body cavity and its organs -
✔✔Location of mesothelium Single layer of cube shaped cells Large, spherical, central
nuclei - ✔✔Physical description of simple cuboidal epithelium Secretion and absorption -
✔✔Function of simple cuboidal epithelium Kidney tubules Ducts/secretory section of
small glands Ovary surface - ✔✔Location of simple cuboidal epithelium Single layer of tall
cells Round/oval nuclei May posses cilia May be located with goblet cells - ✔✔Physical
description of simple columnar epithelium Absorption Secrete mucus/enzymes/other
Propel mucus - ✔✔Function of simple columnar epithelium Digestive tract lining
, Gallbladder Excretory ducts of some glands Small Bronchi Uterine tubes - ✔✔Location of
simple columnar epithelium Cuboidal or columnar Metabolically active - ✔✔What are the
characteristic of the basal layer of stratified squamous epithelium? Secretion Propel
mucus - ✔✔Function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia Glycoprotein and
polysaccharide molecules - ✔✔What are the main substituents of the ground substance of
connective tissue? Stationary cells Secrete proteins Join molecules to create collagen and
elastic fibers - ✔✔Define: Fibroblast To ingest microbes and dead cells - ✔✔What is the
purpose of macrophages in connective tissue? Release histamine when tissues become
damadged - ✔✔What is the purpose of mast cells? Fat cells that contain vacoules for lipid
storage - ✔✔Define: Adipocyte Open network of protein fibers Thick syrupy ground
substance - ✔✔Define: Loose connective tissue Collagen and elastic fibers - ✔✔What
types of fibers are found in dense connective tissue? Dense regular and dense irregular -
✔✔What are the two types of dense connective tissue? Dense regular tissue has fibers
that are arranged in parallel bands Dense irregular fibers are randomly interwoven -
✔✔What are the main differences between dense regular and dense irregular? Blood and
lymph - ✔✔What are the two types of fluid connective tissues? Bone and cartilage -
✔✔What are the two types of supporting connective tissue? Calcium phosphate and
calcium carbonate salt crystalized on collagen fibers - ✔✔What comprises
hydroxyapatite? Perchondrium - ✔✔What produces chondrocytes? Secrete ground
substance of cartilage matrix - ✔✔Function of chondroblast Membrane the surrounds all
supporting connective tissue in cartilage - ✔✔Define: Perichondrium Chondrocyte -
✔✔When a chondroblast become enclosed in a lacunae, what is it called? Maintain
mature collagen tissue - ✔✔Purpose of chondrocytes Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage -
✔✔Three types of cartilage Areolar Adipose Reticular - ✔✔Three types of loose connective
tissue Regular Irregular Elastic - ✔✔Three types of dense connective tissue Compact
Spongy - ✔✔Two types of bone Wrap/cushion organs Hold/convey tissue fluid Indirectly
involved in immunity/inflammation - ✔✔Function of areolar tissue Areolar tissue - ✔✔
Adipose tissue - ✔✔ Provide reserve food fuel Insulate Support and protect organs -
✔✔Function of adipose tissue Reticular Tissue - ✔✔ Soft internal skeleton to support other
cells - ✔✔Function of reticular tissue Attach muscle to bone Attach bone to bone
Withstand great tensile force - ✔✔Function of dense regular tissue Dense regular tissue -
✔✔ Allow tissue recoil following stretching Maintain pulsatile flow of blood through
arteries Passive recoil during respiration - ✔✔Functions of dense irregular tissue Dense
irregular tissue - ✔✔ Bone tissue - ✔✔ Lacuna containing osteocyte - ✔✔ Cannaliculi - ✔✔
