NURS 223 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the movement of air in and out of the lungs
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅movement of gases between air spaces and the bloodstream
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅process of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during
cellular metabolism
Perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅movement of blood in and out of the lungs to the organs and
tissues of the body
Systole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅contraction phase of the heart; blood moves from the ventricles
out into systemic circulation
Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅relaxation phase; blood fills the ventricles
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the resistance of the ejection of blood from the left ventricle
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of ventricular
diastole
Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each
contraction. 50-75 ml of blood per contraction.
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per
minute. 4-6 L per minute. SV*HR
Myocardial contractility - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ability of the heart to squeeze blood from the
ventricles and prepare for the next contraction.
, Sinoatrial node - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅also called pacemaker, primary area where impulse comes
from. Should have a HR of 60-100 bpm.
Atrioventricular node - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅located in the floor of the right atrium
Bundle of his - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅split into right and left bundle branch
Purkinje fibers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅end of stimulus
P wave - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅atrial depolarization (contract)
QRS complex - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ventricular depolarization (contract)
T wave - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ventricular repolarization; ventricular relaxation
Decreased cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅failure of the myocardium to eject sufficient
blood volume to the systemic and pulmonary circulations
Myocardial ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅insufficient blood flow to the myocardium. Lack of
oxygen, chest pain (mangina)
Myocardial infarction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅coronary artery is completely blocked; area not
getting any blood flow dies
Valvular stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅valve is stiff, not as much blood moving forward as
should
Regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅valve is too floppy, when heart pumps it doesn't close
enough causing backflow
Ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the movement of air in and out of the lungs
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅movement of gases between air spaces and the bloodstream
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅process of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during
cellular metabolism
Perfusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅movement of blood in and out of the lungs to the organs and
tissues of the body
Systole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅contraction phase of the heart; blood moves from the ventricles
out into systemic circulation
Diastole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅relaxation phase; blood fills the ventricles
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the resistance of the ejection of blood from the left ventricle
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of ventricular
diastole
Stroke volume - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅amount of blood ejected from the ventricle with each
contraction. 50-75 ml of blood per contraction.
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per
minute. 4-6 L per minute. SV*HR
Myocardial contractility - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ability of the heart to squeeze blood from the
ventricles and prepare for the next contraction.
, Sinoatrial node - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅also called pacemaker, primary area where impulse comes
from. Should have a HR of 60-100 bpm.
Atrioventricular node - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅located in the floor of the right atrium
Bundle of his - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅split into right and left bundle branch
Purkinje fibers - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅end of stimulus
P wave - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅atrial depolarization (contract)
QRS complex - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ventricular depolarization (contract)
T wave - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅ventricular repolarization; ventricular relaxation
Decreased cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅failure of the myocardium to eject sufficient
blood volume to the systemic and pulmonary circulations
Myocardial ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅insufficient blood flow to the myocardium. Lack of
oxygen, chest pain (mangina)
Myocardial infarction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅coronary artery is completely blocked; area not
getting any blood flow dies
Valvular stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅valve is stiff, not as much blood moving forward as
should
Regurgitation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅valve is too floppy, when heart pumps it doesn't close
enough causing backflow
