Nursing Theorists
Florence Nightingale ✔✔Person is influenced by the environment = overall theme
Florence Nightingale ✔✔Nursing = a calling to help patients in a repetitive process
directly working with the patient or by affecting the environment to improve health
or recovery from illness
Virginia Henderson ✔✔14 basic needs
basic nursing care involves 14 activities: physiological, spiritual and sociological. Pay
attention and listen to person
Dorothy Johnson ✔✔Behavioral systems
Behavioral subsystems: attachment, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual,
aggressive, achievement
Dorothy Johnson ✔✔the nurse assesses the client's needs in these subsystems.
When the client is stressed the subsystems are disrupted. The nurse provides care to
resolve problems in the subsystems to meet the patient's needs.
Imogene King ✔✔Goal-Attainment
the goal of nursing is to use communication to help the client reestablish positive
adaptation to the environment
Imogene King ✔✔grouped her theory into health concerns in three systems: social,
personal, interpersonal
Imogene King ✔✔Theory of goal attainment: behavior>return
behavior>disturbance>set goal> agree on goal>help attain goal
Ida Jean Orlando ✔✔Dynamic nurse-patient relationship
Ida Jean Orlando ✔✔a model revolving around 5 interrelated concepts:
the function of professional nursing
the presenting behavior of the patient
the immediate reaction of the nurse
the nursing process
improvement for the patient
Myra Levine ✔✔Theory of conservation = holistic
Myra Levine ✔✔Her idea was that we need to help the person conserve energy;
structural integrity; personal integrity; and social integrity
Myra Levine ✔✔believed nursing is a discipline the basis of which is the person's
dependence and relation to others
, Myra Levine ✔✔health = the ability to maintain integrity
Lydia Hall ✔✔Nursing is the Care, Core and Cure
Lydia Hall ✔✔Depicted by circles
Care Circle
Core Circle
Cure Circle
Madeleine Leininger ✔✔Cultural Diversity and University
Madeleine Leininger ✔✔Caring is a universal phenomenon but varies
transculturally
Madeleine Leininger ✔✔Level 1 - the worldview and social systems
Level 2 - the individuals, families, groups and institutions
Levels 3 - folk systems, professional systems and nursing
Levels 4 - decisions and actions
Josephine Patterson and Loretta Zderad ✔✔Humanistic Theory
Josephine Patterson and Loretta Zderad ✔✔Nursing focus shifts from technical
towards the humanness of both the nurse and the patient
Josephine Patterson and Loretta Zderad ✔✔Nursing is a lived human act, a
response to a human situation
Josephine Patterson and Loretta Zderad ✔✔4 major concepts: person,
environment, health and nursing
Jean Watson ✔✔Human Caring
Jean Watson ✔✔Caring is a moral ideal and entails the body[mind-soul
engagement with one another
Jean Watson ✔✔7 assumptions about the science of caring:
it can be demonstrated and practiced
it results in satisfying human needs
it promotes health
it accepts the person as is
gives the person choices to act on his own
is healthogenic
covers more of the person than curing; it is central to nursing
Rosemarie Parse ✔✔Human becoming
Florence Nightingale ✔✔Person is influenced by the environment = overall theme
Florence Nightingale ✔✔Nursing = a calling to help patients in a repetitive process
directly working with the patient or by affecting the environment to improve health
or recovery from illness
Virginia Henderson ✔✔14 basic needs
basic nursing care involves 14 activities: physiological, spiritual and sociological. Pay
attention and listen to person
Dorothy Johnson ✔✔Behavioral systems
Behavioral subsystems: attachment, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual,
aggressive, achievement
Dorothy Johnson ✔✔the nurse assesses the client's needs in these subsystems.
When the client is stressed the subsystems are disrupted. The nurse provides care to
resolve problems in the subsystems to meet the patient's needs.
Imogene King ✔✔Goal-Attainment
the goal of nursing is to use communication to help the client reestablish positive
adaptation to the environment
Imogene King ✔✔grouped her theory into health concerns in three systems: social,
personal, interpersonal
Imogene King ✔✔Theory of goal attainment: behavior>return
behavior>disturbance>set goal> agree on goal>help attain goal
Ida Jean Orlando ✔✔Dynamic nurse-patient relationship
Ida Jean Orlando ✔✔a model revolving around 5 interrelated concepts:
the function of professional nursing
the presenting behavior of the patient
the immediate reaction of the nurse
the nursing process
improvement for the patient
Myra Levine ✔✔Theory of conservation = holistic
Myra Levine ✔✔Her idea was that we need to help the person conserve energy;
structural integrity; personal integrity; and social integrity
Myra Levine ✔✔believed nursing is a discipline the basis of which is the person's
dependence and relation to others
, Myra Levine ✔✔health = the ability to maintain integrity
Lydia Hall ✔✔Nursing is the Care, Core and Cure
Lydia Hall ✔✔Depicted by circles
Care Circle
Core Circle
Cure Circle
Madeleine Leininger ✔✔Cultural Diversity and University
Madeleine Leininger ✔✔Caring is a universal phenomenon but varies
transculturally
Madeleine Leininger ✔✔Level 1 - the worldview and social systems
Level 2 - the individuals, families, groups and institutions
Levels 3 - folk systems, professional systems and nursing
Levels 4 - decisions and actions
Josephine Patterson and Loretta Zderad ✔✔Humanistic Theory
Josephine Patterson and Loretta Zderad ✔✔Nursing focus shifts from technical
towards the humanness of both the nurse and the patient
Josephine Patterson and Loretta Zderad ✔✔Nursing is a lived human act, a
response to a human situation
Josephine Patterson and Loretta Zderad ✔✔4 major concepts: person,
environment, health and nursing
Jean Watson ✔✔Human Caring
Jean Watson ✔✔Caring is a moral ideal and entails the body[mind-soul
engagement with one another
Jean Watson ✔✔7 assumptions about the science of caring:
it can be demonstrated and practiced
it results in satisfying human needs
it promotes health
it accepts the person as is
gives the person choices to act on his own
is healthogenic
covers more of the person than curing; it is central to nursing
Rosemarie Parse ✔✔Human becoming
