ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Questions and Correct Answers

1




ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate Questions and Correct
Answers

Question: Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage
Answer:


Question: Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function
Answer:


Question: The Normal Cell Cycle
Answer: -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of DNA
replication and mitosis, or cell division


-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing
complexes molecular information


Question: Interphase and Mitotic Phase
Answer: Cell division produces two identical cells through these two
major phases


Question: During interphase:
Answer: Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three
steps:


1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)


2: Synthesis phase (S phase)


3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)


Pretest - Stuvia US

,2



Question: First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap)
Answer: -cells increase in size


-reproduce RNA


-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA


-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days


Question: Synthesis Phase (S phase)
Answer: -DNA replicates


-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)


-which are attached a t the centromere


-lasts 2-10 hours


Question: Mitotic Phase (M phase)
Answer: -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and move into
2 new, identical daughter cells


-takes about 30-60 minutes


Question: Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from
Answer: -G1 checkpoint


-S Phase


-G2 checkpoint



Pretest - Stuvia US

,3


-M phase


Question: Restriction Point
Answer: -The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing
phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular transformation can occur


-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a
restriction point


-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required
to send the cells past the restriction point, or the point of no return


Question: G0 Phase (resting phase)
Answer: -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or go into
a resting phase, known as G0


-Most cells in the human body reside in G0


Question: -Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase)
Answer: -Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically active, such
as


-granulocytes


-and the epithelium of the GI tract


Question: Cell Cycling Time
Answer: Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis


Question: Cell cycle video and image
Answer:
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chap
ter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html


Pretest - Stuvia US

, 4



Question: Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control
Answer: -The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of
checkpoints


-Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell
division can alter the genetic information passed on to daughter cells,
leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer


-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression
through mitosis


Question: Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two
proteins:
Answer: 1. cyclines (D, E, A, B)


2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)


-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of
the cell cycle


Question: Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs
Answer: -(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6


-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2


-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2


-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A


-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B


Question: Inhibitory proteins


Pretest - Stuvia US