Developmental Psych Exam 2 beattie questions and answers

Developmental Psych Exam 2 beattie
questions and answers


gross motor skills - answer-large muscle movements (running and jumping)
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fine motor skills - answer-small coordinated movement (drawing and writing)
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obesity - answer-bmi at or above the 95th percentile compared to US norms
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obesity in developed world - answer-children in low-income families, in US highest
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among Latino and African American children, more prevalent in rural areas
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obesity in developing world - answer-most prevalent in cities and among affluent boys
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and girls
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factors promoting obesity - answer-primary culprit (lack of physical activity: internet, TV),
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voversized portions of food (restaurants, large portion sizes), negative attitudes toward
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vthe obese (teasing, stereotyping)
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conservation - answer-our knowledge that the amount of a given substance remains the
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same despite changes in its shape or form
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indentity constancy - answer-a person's core "self" stays the same despite changes in
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vexternal appearance (shaving hair off); children have the inability to grasp
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animism - answer-the belief that inanimate objects are alive
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artificialism - answer-the belief that humans make everything in nature
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egocentrism - answer-an inability to understand another's perspective
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zone of proximal development - answer-the gap between a child's ability to solve a
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problem on his own and his potential knowledge if taught by a more accomplished
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person
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scaffolding - answer-the process of teaching new skills by entertaining a child's zone of
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proximal development and tailoring one's efforts to see that person's competence level
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, tips for effective scaffolding - answer-foster a secure attachment, break larger cognitive
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vtasks into smaller more manageable steps, give nonthreatening feedback, continue
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vhelping until child has mastered concept then move on
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executive functions - answer-any frontal lobe ability that allows us to inhibit our
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responses and to plan and direct our thinking
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rehearsal - answer-a learning strategy in which people repeat information to embed it in
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vmemory

selective attention - answer-a learning strategy in which people manage their awareness
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so as to attend only to what is relevant and to filter out unneeded information
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inhibition - answer-control over one's impulses to act
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inner speech - answer-repeating information silently or "out loud" in order to regulate
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vbehavior or to master cognitive challenges
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morphemes - answer-the basic meaning units of language, coded by "mean length of
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utterance" (MLU)
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example: "me want juice" = 3 MLU's v v v v v v




syntax - answer-system of grammatical rules in a particular language, children typically
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produce grammatically correct sentences by the time they enter school
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semantics - answer-understanding word meanings, about 10,000 words at age 6
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overregulation - answer-puts irregular "pasts" and "plurals" into regular form v v v v v v v v v


example: "If I walked, I also must have runned and swimmed"
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over and under-extensions - answer-applies verbal labels too broadly/narrowly
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example: all 4 legged animals are "doggies" v v v v v v




autobiographical memory - answer-recollections of events and experiences that make v v v v v v v v v


up one's life history
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theory of mind - answer-the understanding that other people have different beliefs and
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vperspectives from one's own v v v




false belief task - answer-a type of task used in theory-of-mind studies, in which the child
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vmust infer that another person does not possess knowledge that he or she possesses
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v(that is, that other person holds a belief that is false).
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externalizing - answer-a personality style that involved acting on one's immediate
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impulses and behaving disruptively and aggressively
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