NPS Pharmacology Exam Questions and
Answers
Clark's Rule - ANS-- pediatric drug dosage
- weight based
Safe Dosage - ANS-(weight of child (lb)) x (normal adult dosage) / 150 lb
Active Ingredient in a solution - ANS--1 ml of a 1% solution = 10 mg active ingredient
- % solution x 10 = mg/mL
Front Door Bronchodilators - ANS-Sympathomimetic
Beta2 Adrenergic
Back Door Bronchodilators - ANS-Parasympathetic
anticholinergic
Side Door Bronchodilators - ANS-Methylxanthines
Theophylline
Sympathomimetic (beta2 adrenergic agonists) - ANS-- direct bronchodilation
- increase cyclic AMP
- may stimulate beta1 receptors & Increase HR
- may stimulate alpha receptors & cause systemic vasoconstriction (increase BP)
Short Acting Beta2 Agonists (SABA) - ANS-- albuterol
- Levalbuterol
- Metaproterenol
- Terbutaline
- Pirbuterol
Albuterol - ANS-- ventolin, Proventil
- nebulized 0.5%
- Pediactric dose: -.15 mg/kg in 2 mL NS (Q1-6)
- 2.5 mg in 3 mL NS (Q1-6)
- 1-2 puffs 90 mcg/puff
Levalbuterol - ANS-- xoponex
- 0.63 mg in 3 mL NS (Q6-8)
- 1.25 mg in 3 mL NS (Q6-8)
, Metaproterenol - ANS-- alupent, Metaprel
- nebulized 5%
- 2-3 puffs 0.65 mg/puff (Q3-4)
- 0.1 - 0.3 mL in 3 mL NS (Q1-6)
- 0.2 mL in 2.5 mL NS (Q1-6)
- 0.3 mL in 2.5 mL NS (Q1-6)
Terbutaline - ANS-- breathine, Brethaire
- Aqueous solution 1 mg/mL
- Nebulized: 0.5 - 1.5mg in 3 mL NS (Q4-6)
- SubQ: 0.01 mg/kg (Q15-20min x 3)
Pirbuterol - ANS-- Maxair
- MDI
- 2 puffs 200 mcg/puff (Q4-6)
Long Acting Beta2 Agonists (LABA) - ANS-- maintenance medications
- salmeterol
- Formoterol
Salmeterol - ANS-- Serevent
- MDI, DPI
- 2 puffs 21 mcg/puff Q12
- 50 mcg/inhalation 1 Q12
Formoterol - ANS-- Foradil
- DPI (Aerolizer)
- 1 inhalation 12 mcg/25 mg lactose Q12
LABA/SABA Side Effects - ANS-- Tachycardia
- palpitations
- hypertension
- muscle tremors
- nervousness and anxiety
- Nausea
Parasympathetic (Anticholinergics) - ANS-- work against bronchoconstriction
- decrease cyclic GMP
- can be given with front door bronchodilators
- atropine sulfate
- Ipratropium bromide
- Tiotropium bromide
- Oxitropium bromide
Atropine Sulfate - ANS-- nebulized 0.05 mg/kg in 3 mL NS Q6-8
Answers
Clark's Rule - ANS-- pediatric drug dosage
- weight based
Safe Dosage - ANS-(weight of child (lb)) x (normal adult dosage) / 150 lb
Active Ingredient in a solution - ANS--1 ml of a 1% solution = 10 mg active ingredient
- % solution x 10 = mg/mL
Front Door Bronchodilators - ANS-Sympathomimetic
Beta2 Adrenergic
Back Door Bronchodilators - ANS-Parasympathetic
anticholinergic
Side Door Bronchodilators - ANS-Methylxanthines
Theophylline
Sympathomimetic (beta2 adrenergic agonists) - ANS-- direct bronchodilation
- increase cyclic AMP
- may stimulate beta1 receptors & Increase HR
- may stimulate alpha receptors & cause systemic vasoconstriction (increase BP)
Short Acting Beta2 Agonists (SABA) - ANS-- albuterol
- Levalbuterol
- Metaproterenol
- Terbutaline
- Pirbuterol
Albuterol - ANS-- ventolin, Proventil
- nebulized 0.5%
- Pediactric dose: -.15 mg/kg in 2 mL NS (Q1-6)
- 2.5 mg in 3 mL NS (Q1-6)
- 1-2 puffs 90 mcg/puff
Levalbuterol - ANS-- xoponex
- 0.63 mg in 3 mL NS (Q6-8)
- 1.25 mg in 3 mL NS (Q6-8)
, Metaproterenol - ANS-- alupent, Metaprel
- nebulized 5%
- 2-3 puffs 0.65 mg/puff (Q3-4)
- 0.1 - 0.3 mL in 3 mL NS (Q1-6)
- 0.2 mL in 2.5 mL NS (Q1-6)
- 0.3 mL in 2.5 mL NS (Q1-6)
Terbutaline - ANS-- breathine, Brethaire
- Aqueous solution 1 mg/mL
- Nebulized: 0.5 - 1.5mg in 3 mL NS (Q4-6)
- SubQ: 0.01 mg/kg (Q15-20min x 3)
Pirbuterol - ANS-- Maxair
- MDI
- 2 puffs 200 mcg/puff (Q4-6)
Long Acting Beta2 Agonists (LABA) - ANS-- maintenance medications
- salmeterol
- Formoterol
Salmeterol - ANS-- Serevent
- MDI, DPI
- 2 puffs 21 mcg/puff Q12
- 50 mcg/inhalation 1 Q12
Formoterol - ANS-- Foradil
- DPI (Aerolizer)
- 1 inhalation 12 mcg/25 mg lactose Q12
LABA/SABA Side Effects - ANS-- Tachycardia
- palpitations
- hypertension
- muscle tremors
- nervousness and anxiety
- Nausea
Parasympathetic (Anticholinergics) - ANS-- work against bronchoconstriction
- decrease cyclic GMP
- can be given with front door bronchodilators
- atropine sulfate
- Ipratropium bromide
- Tiotropium bromide
- Oxitropium bromide
Atropine Sulfate - ANS-- nebulized 0.05 mg/kg in 3 mL NS Q6-8
