PNB 2250 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
A ... fish cannot tolerate fluids with different osmolarities (E3)
A. stenohaline fish
B. osmoconformer fish
C. dihaline fish
D. euryhaline fish
E. polyhaline fish Correct Answers A. stenohaline fish
A contractile vacuole
a. is basically a salt gland.
b. is only found in insects.
c. carries out filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
d. only carries out secretion.
e. can produce a urine with a greater osmolarity than blood.
Correct Answers d. only carries out secretion.
A fish in seawater...(E3)
A. rapidly gains water through the gills
B. rapidly gains water through the gills
C. actively pumps solutes out of its body through the gills
D. must be an osmoconformer
E. must produce a very dilute urine Correct Answers C.
actively pumps solutes out of its body through the gills
A kidney-like excretory organ requires....(E3)
,A. nephrons, sufficient blood flow, secretion, ultrafiltration, but
limited reabsorption
B. nephrons, active transport into the nephron, but no
reabsorption
C. contractile vacuoles, ultrafiltration, reabsorption and
secretion
D. nephrons, ultrafiltration, and a filtration barrier that allows all
solutes to pass smaller than cells
E. sufficient blood pressure, nephrons, ultrafiltration,
reabsorption, and secretion Correct Answers E. sufficient blood
pressure, nephrons, ultrafiltration, reabsorption, and secretion
A marine osmoconformer
a. usually has a blood osmolarity equal to that of terrestrial
vertebrates, but not the same solutes.
b. has a blood osmolarity greater than terrestrial vertebrates,
with the same solutes
c. rapidly loses water through its gills if placed in fresh water.
d. rapidly gains water through its gills in seawater
e. is not accurately described by any of the above answers.
Correct Answers c. rapidly loses water through its gills if placed
in fresh water.
A size selective (but not solute selective) nephron filtration
barrier ...(E3)
A. is very uncommon in vertebrates
B. is not found in insects, which employ a solute specific
filtration barrier
C. is found only in mammals and requires very little energy to
produce urine
, D. is commonly found in vertebrates and allows for excretion of
solutes regardless of whether an animal has ever ingested them
before
E. is only found in reptiles because of the difficulty they face in
excreting uric acid Correct Answers D. is commonly found in
vertebrates and allows for excretion of solutes regardless of
whether an animal has ever ingested them before
A whale is capable of consuming large amounts of seawater
because ... that allows them to ...(E3)
A. of a very permeable filtration barrier...produce a much larger
volume of urine
B. of the presence of salt glands ... produce a more concentrated
urine
C. of a kidney with long nephrons and higher interstitial
osmolarity gradient ... produce a more concentrated urine
D. of a very high blood pressure ... produce much more filtrate
and hence urine
E. of a kidney with very short nephrons and an interstitial
osmolarity gradient ... produce a large volume of urine with low
osmolarity Correct Answers C. of a kidney with long nephrons
and higher interstitial osmolarity gradient ... produce a more
concentrated urine
All striated muscle is associated with skeletons in such a way as
to exploit ... because...(E3)
A. the elasticity of soft tissues ... muscle deformation increases
the loads moved by muscle
B. muscle extensibility ... this increases muscle power
SOLUTIONS
A ... fish cannot tolerate fluids with different osmolarities (E3)
A. stenohaline fish
B. osmoconformer fish
C. dihaline fish
D. euryhaline fish
E. polyhaline fish Correct Answers A. stenohaline fish
A contractile vacuole
a. is basically a salt gland.
b. is only found in insects.
c. carries out filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
d. only carries out secretion.
e. can produce a urine with a greater osmolarity than blood.
Correct Answers d. only carries out secretion.
A fish in seawater...(E3)
A. rapidly gains water through the gills
B. rapidly gains water through the gills
C. actively pumps solutes out of its body through the gills
D. must be an osmoconformer
E. must produce a very dilute urine Correct Answers C.
actively pumps solutes out of its body through the gills
A kidney-like excretory organ requires....(E3)
,A. nephrons, sufficient blood flow, secretion, ultrafiltration, but
limited reabsorption
B. nephrons, active transport into the nephron, but no
reabsorption
C. contractile vacuoles, ultrafiltration, reabsorption and
secretion
D. nephrons, ultrafiltration, and a filtration barrier that allows all
solutes to pass smaller than cells
E. sufficient blood pressure, nephrons, ultrafiltration,
reabsorption, and secretion Correct Answers E. sufficient blood
pressure, nephrons, ultrafiltration, reabsorption, and secretion
A marine osmoconformer
a. usually has a blood osmolarity equal to that of terrestrial
vertebrates, but not the same solutes.
b. has a blood osmolarity greater than terrestrial vertebrates,
with the same solutes
c. rapidly loses water through its gills if placed in fresh water.
d. rapidly gains water through its gills in seawater
e. is not accurately described by any of the above answers.
Correct Answers c. rapidly loses water through its gills if placed
in fresh water.
A size selective (but not solute selective) nephron filtration
barrier ...(E3)
A. is very uncommon in vertebrates
B. is not found in insects, which employ a solute specific
filtration barrier
C. is found only in mammals and requires very little energy to
produce urine
, D. is commonly found in vertebrates and allows for excretion of
solutes regardless of whether an animal has ever ingested them
before
E. is only found in reptiles because of the difficulty they face in
excreting uric acid Correct Answers D. is commonly found in
vertebrates and allows for excretion of solutes regardless of
whether an animal has ever ingested them before
A whale is capable of consuming large amounts of seawater
because ... that allows them to ...(E3)
A. of a very permeable filtration barrier...produce a much larger
volume of urine
B. of the presence of salt glands ... produce a more concentrated
urine
C. of a kidney with long nephrons and higher interstitial
osmolarity gradient ... produce a more concentrated urine
D. of a very high blood pressure ... produce much more filtrate
and hence urine
E. of a kidney with very short nephrons and an interstitial
osmolarity gradient ... produce a large volume of urine with low
osmolarity Correct Answers C. of a kidney with long nephrons
and higher interstitial osmolarity gradient ... produce a more
concentrated urine
All striated muscle is associated with skeletons in such a way as
to exploit ... because...(E3)
A. the elasticity of soft tissues ... muscle deformation increases
the loads moved by muscle
B. muscle extensibility ... this increases muscle power
