NUR2020 - FINAL EXAM (2025) Actual
Exam Questions and Answers A+ Graded
Definition .of .a .chronic .condition .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Illness .or .impairment
.that .is .permanent, .leaves .residual .disability, .nonreversible, .and .requires .a .long
.period .of .supervision/observation/care
Major .characteristics .of .a .chronic .condition .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .intermittent
.with .flare .ups .or .continuous .is .some .cases
- .may .be .cancer .or .of .a .noncancer .origin
- .can .persist .througout .life
- .features .regardless .of .condition: .pain, .fatigue, .sleep .disturbances, .difficulty
.adjusting, .uncertainty
- .can .be .controlled .but .not .cured
Impact .of .chronic .illness .on .healthcare .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .Leading .cause
.of .death .& .disability .in .US .is .chronic .conditions
- .Chronic .diseases/conditions .are .the .most .common, .preventable, .& .expensive
.of .all .health .problems .(heart .disease, .stroke, .cancer, .diabetes, .obesity,
.arthritis)
- .86% .of .all .health .care .spending .is .related .to .chronic .disease
- .Risks .for .polypharmacy, .adverse .medication .effects, .conflicting .medication
.advice
- .Cost .of .care .increases .with .number .of .conditions
Preventable .causes .of .chronic .conditions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Obesity, .lack .of
.exercise, .poor .nutrition, .tobacco .use, .excessive .alcohol .use
illness-wellness .continuum .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-a .model .that .illustrates .the
.full .range .of .health .between .the .extremes .of .illness .and .wellness
Both .chronic .and .acute .conditions .can .vary .on .this .continuum .- .people .with
.chronic .can .also .develop .acute .(such .as .an .asthmatic .having .an .asthma
.attack) .- .NOT .ALL .CHRONIC .CONDITIONS .RESULT .IN .DISABILITY .and .not .all
.disabilities .are .from .chronic .conditions
What .is .primary .prevention? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-measures .to .decrease .the
.incidence .of .disease
Examples: .Vaccines, .teaching .SCI .injury/head .injury .prevention .- .don't .drink
.and .drive, .wear .helmets, .fall .prevention, .protective .devices .when .playing
.spurts
,What .is .secondary .prevention? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-treating .or .controlling .a
.disease .or .condition .after .it .occurs
Examples: .Screening .to .detect .early .stage .cancer
What .is .tertiary .prevention? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-REHABILITATION .and
.monitoring .of .health .to .prevent .complications .or .further .illness, .injury, .or
.disability
Keep .things .from .getting .worse, .preventing .complications .and .further .damage
Examples: .support .groups, .insulin .management
How .does .tertiary .prevention .correlate .with .goals .of .rehab? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Tertiary .prevention .is .the .management .of .long-term .disease, .injurt, .or
.illness .- .focuses .on .controlling .CHRONIC .effects .of .a .health .issue .that .has
.already .occured .& .restoring .that .individual .back .to .optimal .function, .teaching
.self-care
Rehababilition .means .to ."make .able .again" .- .learning .or .relearning .skills .and
.abilities .and .adjsuting .to .existing .function .to .reach .max .potential .- .goal
.oriented .process .for .people .with .disability .or .chronic .conditions
REHAB .= .TERTIARY .PREVENTION
What .is .self-efficacy? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Individual's .belief .that .they .have
.the .capacity .to .do .what .they .need .to .do .to .reach .specific .goals
Nursing .interventions .for .rehabilitation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .Assessing
.patient's .functional .ability: .ability .to .perform .ADLs .(eating, .toileting, .dressing,
.transferring, .and .personal .hygiene) .AND .instrumental .activities .of .daily
.level/IADLs .(grocery .shopping, .meal .prep, .financial .mgmt., .medication .mgmt,
.transportation)
- .Recommend .adaptive .& .assistive .devices
- .Provide .optimal .learning .environment
- .Assist .with .correct .positioning .to .prevent .musculosketal .complications
- .Perform .ROM .exercises
- .Assist .patients .with .transfers
What .does .a .certified .registered .rehabilitation .nurse .(CRRN) .do? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Specializes .in .helping .people .with .disabilities .& .chronic .illness .attain
.optimal .function, .health, .and .adapt .to .a .new .alterered .lifestyle
What .is .a .physiatrist? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-a .physician .who .specializes .in
.rehab .medicine
What .is .a .physical .therapist? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-PT .focuses .on .improving
.patient's .ability .to .MOVE
,Teaches .skills .such .as .transfers, .strength .training, .using .assistive .devices
What .is .an .occupational .therapist? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-OT .focuses .on
.improving .patient's .ability .to .perform .ADLs
Example .- .Screens, .tests, .recommends .feedings .for .dysphagia
What .is .a .speech .& .language .pathologist? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Evaluates .and
.diagnoses .speech, .language, .communication, .and .swallowing .disorders
What .is .the .most .common .cause .of .a .Spinal .Cord .Injury .(SCI)? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-TRAUMA .= .motor .vehicle .collision, .fall, .violence, .sports .injury
Complete .vs. .incomplete .Spinal .Cord .Injury .(SCI) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Complete .- .the .spinal .cord .damage .eliminates .all .innervation .(supply .of .nerves)
.below .that .level .of .injury
INcomplete .- .allows .for .some .function/movement .below .the .level .of .injury .-
.MORE .COMMON .THAN .COMPLETE
Primary .vs. .Secondary .Spinal .Cord .Injury .(SCI) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .primary:
.immediate, .irreversible .loss .of .sensation .and .motion. .due .to .mechanical
.trauma
- .secondary: .occurs .after .initial .injury, .caused .by .swelling, .ischemia, .contusion
.or .movement .of .bone .fragments: .secondary .is .the .main .focus .for .nurses
.because .they .can .still .treat .this .and .prevent .total .and .permanent .damage
What .are .the .four .types .of .incomplete .SCIs? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Central .cord
.syndrome .(most .common), .lateral .cord .syndrome, .anterior .cord .syndrome,
.peripheral .cord .syndrome
What .is .central .cord .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Damage .to .the .central
.part .of .the .spinal .cord .resulting .in .greater .weakness .in .UEs .than .in .LEs,
.variable .bowel .& .bladder .dysfunction
Common .in .elderly, .typically .from .a .fall .with .hyperextension
Most .common .Incomplete .SCI
What .is .anterior .cord .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Worst .prognosis .for
.recovery .of .all .the .Incomplete .SCIs
Damage .to .anterior .portion .of .spinal .cord .usually .caused .by .hyperflexion-
.causes .complete .lost .of .movement, .pain .and .temp .loss .- .preserves .light .touch
.sensation
What .is .posterior .cord .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Damage .to .posterior
.portion .of .spinal .cord .- .opposite .of .anterior .cord .syndrome .- .light .touch
.sensations .are .lost, .but .movement, .pain, .and .temp .sensations .are .kept
, What .is .Brown-Sequard .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .hemisection .lesion
.of .the .cord .resulting .in .loss .of .motor .control .on .the .side .of .the .injury .and .loss
.of .sensation .on .the .opposite .side
Usually .caused .by .a .penetrating .injury .like .a .bullet .or .knife .wound
What .is .Conus .Medullaris .Cord .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Caused .by
.compressive .damage .from .T12-L2; .Variable .lower .extremity .loss .of .function;
.flaccid .anal .spincter .& .bladder .(can't .usually .tell .when .you .have .to .go)
What .is .the .Glasgow .Coma .Scale? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Initial .LOC
.assessment .- .score .ranges .from .3 .(brain .dead, .deep .coma) .to .15 .(normal, .fully
.responsive)
Eye .opening .response: .Spontaneous .(4), .to .voice .(3), .to .pain .(2), .none
Best .verbal .resonse: .Oriented .(5), .Confused .(4), .Inappropriate .words .(3),
.Incomprehensible .sounds .(2), .or .none .(1)
Best .motor .resposne: .Obeys .command .(6), .localizes .pain .(5), .withdraws .(4),
.flexion .(3), .extension .(2), .none .(1)
What .is .spinal .shock? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-temporary .neurologic .syndrome,
.characterized .by .decreased .reflexes, .loss .of .sensation, .and .flaccid .paralysis
.below .the .level .of .injury, .bradycardia, .BP .decrease, .paralytic .ileus .(from .about
.day .2-7)
Lasts .days .to .weeks
End .of .spinal .shock: .when .involuntary .spinal .reflexes .below .level .of .injury
.return .(may .not .return .with .COMPLETE .injuries)
Nursing .care .during .spinal .shock .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .Promote .breathing .&
.airway .clearance .(breathing .exercises, .humidification, .hydration) .- .be .careful
.with .using .suction .because .this .can .stimulate .the .vagus .nerve .and .cause
.bradycardia/cardiac .arrest
- .Improve .mobility .- .once .Dr. .allows, .reposition .patient .as .frequent .as .possible,
.assist .out .of .bed .if .spinal .column .stabilized, .splints .to .prevent .foot .drop,
.trochanter .rolls .to .prevent .hip .joint .external .rotation, .passive .ROM .exercises .to
.prevent .contractures .& .disuse .syndrome
- .Prevent .injury .from .sensory .& .perceptual .alterations .- .provide .glasses .and
.hearing .aids
- .Maintain .skin .integrity
- .Maintain .urinary .elimination: .initial .internal .catheter, .then .condom .or
.intermittent .as .long .as .neurogenic .bladder .exists
- .Improve .bowel .function: .because .spinal .shock .can .cause .paralytic .ileus .- .NG
.tube .may .be .required .to .prevent .distention .& .vomiting, .then .start .a .bowel
.program .(pattern .of .planned .evacuation, .softeners, .laxatives, .rectal .stimulation)
Exam Questions and Answers A+ Graded
Definition .of .a .chronic .condition .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Illness .or .impairment
.that .is .permanent, .leaves .residual .disability, .nonreversible, .and .requires .a .long
.period .of .supervision/observation/care
Major .characteristics .of .a .chronic .condition .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .intermittent
.with .flare .ups .or .continuous .is .some .cases
- .may .be .cancer .or .of .a .noncancer .origin
- .can .persist .througout .life
- .features .regardless .of .condition: .pain, .fatigue, .sleep .disturbances, .difficulty
.adjusting, .uncertainty
- .can .be .controlled .but .not .cured
Impact .of .chronic .illness .on .healthcare .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .Leading .cause
.of .death .& .disability .in .US .is .chronic .conditions
- .Chronic .diseases/conditions .are .the .most .common, .preventable, .& .expensive
.of .all .health .problems .(heart .disease, .stroke, .cancer, .diabetes, .obesity,
.arthritis)
- .86% .of .all .health .care .spending .is .related .to .chronic .disease
- .Risks .for .polypharmacy, .adverse .medication .effects, .conflicting .medication
.advice
- .Cost .of .care .increases .with .number .of .conditions
Preventable .causes .of .chronic .conditions .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Obesity, .lack .of
.exercise, .poor .nutrition, .tobacco .use, .excessive .alcohol .use
illness-wellness .continuum .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-a .model .that .illustrates .the
.full .range .of .health .between .the .extremes .of .illness .and .wellness
Both .chronic .and .acute .conditions .can .vary .on .this .continuum .- .people .with
.chronic .can .also .develop .acute .(such .as .an .asthmatic .having .an .asthma
.attack) .- .NOT .ALL .CHRONIC .CONDITIONS .RESULT .IN .DISABILITY .and .not .all
.disabilities .are .from .chronic .conditions
What .is .primary .prevention? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-measures .to .decrease .the
.incidence .of .disease
Examples: .Vaccines, .teaching .SCI .injury/head .injury .prevention .- .don't .drink
.and .drive, .wear .helmets, .fall .prevention, .protective .devices .when .playing
.spurts
,What .is .secondary .prevention? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-treating .or .controlling .a
.disease .or .condition .after .it .occurs
Examples: .Screening .to .detect .early .stage .cancer
What .is .tertiary .prevention? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-REHABILITATION .and
.monitoring .of .health .to .prevent .complications .or .further .illness, .injury, .or
.disability
Keep .things .from .getting .worse, .preventing .complications .and .further .damage
Examples: .support .groups, .insulin .management
How .does .tertiary .prevention .correlate .with .goals .of .rehab? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Tertiary .prevention .is .the .management .of .long-term .disease, .injurt, .or
.illness .- .focuses .on .controlling .CHRONIC .effects .of .a .health .issue .that .has
.already .occured .& .restoring .that .individual .back .to .optimal .function, .teaching
.self-care
Rehababilition .means .to ."make .able .again" .- .learning .or .relearning .skills .and
.abilities .and .adjsuting .to .existing .function .to .reach .max .potential .- .goal
.oriented .process .for .people .with .disability .or .chronic .conditions
REHAB .= .TERTIARY .PREVENTION
What .is .self-efficacy? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Individual's .belief .that .they .have
.the .capacity .to .do .what .they .need .to .do .to .reach .specific .goals
Nursing .interventions .for .rehabilitation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .Assessing
.patient's .functional .ability: .ability .to .perform .ADLs .(eating, .toileting, .dressing,
.transferring, .and .personal .hygiene) .AND .instrumental .activities .of .daily
.level/IADLs .(grocery .shopping, .meal .prep, .financial .mgmt., .medication .mgmt,
.transportation)
- .Recommend .adaptive .& .assistive .devices
- .Provide .optimal .learning .environment
- .Assist .with .correct .positioning .to .prevent .musculosketal .complications
- .Perform .ROM .exercises
- .Assist .patients .with .transfers
What .does .a .certified .registered .rehabilitation .nurse .(CRRN) .do? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-Specializes .in .helping .people .with .disabilities .& .chronic .illness .attain
.optimal .function, .health, .and .adapt .to .a .new .alterered .lifestyle
What .is .a .physiatrist? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-a .physician .who .specializes .in
.rehab .medicine
What .is .a .physical .therapist? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-PT .focuses .on .improving
.patient's .ability .to .MOVE
,Teaches .skills .such .as .transfers, .strength .training, .using .assistive .devices
What .is .an .occupational .therapist? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-OT .focuses .on
.improving .patient's .ability .to .perform .ADLs
Example .- .Screens, .tests, .recommends .feedings .for .dysphagia
What .is .a .speech .& .language .pathologist? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Evaluates .and
.diagnoses .speech, .language, .communication, .and .swallowing .disorders
What .is .the .most .common .cause .of .a .Spinal .Cord .Injury .(SCI)? .- .CORRECT
.ANSWER-TRAUMA .= .motor .vehicle .collision, .fall, .violence, .sports .injury
Complete .vs. .incomplete .Spinal .Cord .Injury .(SCI) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-
Complete .- .the .spinal .cord .damage .eliminates .all .innervation .(supply .of .nerves)
.below .that .level .of .injury
INcomplete .- .allows .for .some .function/movement .below .the .level .of .injury .-
.MORE .COMMON .THAN .COMPLETE
Primary .vs. .Secondary .Spinal .Cord .Injury .(SCI) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .primary:
.immediate, .irreversible .loss .of .sensation .and .motion. .due .to .mechanical
.trauma
- .secondary: .occurs .after .initial .injury, .caused .by .swelling, .ischemia, .contusion
.or .movement .of .bone .fragments: .secondary .is .the .main .focus .for .nurses
.because .they .can .still .treat .this .and .prevent .total .and .permanent .damage
What .are .the .four .types .of .incomplete .SCIs? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Central .cord
.syndrome .(most .common), .lateral .cord .syndrome, .anterior .cord .syndrome,
.peripheral .cord .syndrome
What .is .central .cord .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Damage .to .the .central
.part .of .the .spinal .cord .resulting .in .greater .weakness .in .UEs .than .in .LEs,
.variable .bowel .& .bladder .dysfunction
Common .in .elderly, .typically .from .a .fall .with .hyperextension
Most .common .Incomplete .SCI
What .is .anterior .cord .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Worst .prognosis .for
.recovery .of .all .the .Incomplete .SCIs
Damage .to .anterior .portion .of .spinal .cord .usually .caused .by .hyperflexion-
.causes .complete .lost .of .movement, .pain .and .temp .loss .- .preserves .light .touch
.sensation
What .is .posterior .cord .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Damage .to .posterior
.portion .of .spinal .cord .- .opposite .of .anterior .cord .syndrome .- .light .touch
.sensations .are .lost, .but .movement, .pain, .and .temp .sensations .are .kept
, What .is .Brown-Sequard .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-A .hemisection .lesion
.of .the .cord .resulting .in .loss .of .motor .control .on .the .side .of .the .injury .and .loss
.of .sensation .on .the .opposite .side
Usually .caused .by .a .penetrating .injury .like .a .bullet .or .knife .wound
What .is .Conus .Medullaris .Cord .syndrome? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Caused .by
.compressive .damage .from .T12-L2; .Variable .lower .extremity .loss .of .function;
.flaccid .anal .spincter .& .bladder .(can't .usually .tell .when .you .have .to .go)
What .is .the .Glasgow .Coma .Scale? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Initial .LOC
.assessment .- .score .ranges .from .3 .(brain .dead, .deep .coma) .to .15 .(normal, .fully
.responsive)
Eye .opening .response: .Spontaneous .(4), .to .voice .(3), .to .pain .(2), .none
Best .verbal .resonse: .Oriented .(5), .Confused .(4), .Inappropriate .words .(3),
.Incomprehensible .sounds .(2), .or .none .(1)
Best .motor .resposne: .Obeys .command .(6), .localizes .pain .(5), .withdraws .(4),
.flexion .(3), .extension .(2), .none .(1)
What .is .spinal .shock? .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-temporary .neurologic .syndrome,
.characterized .by .decreased .reflexes, .loss .of .sensation, .and .flaccid .paralysis
.below .the .level .of .injury, .bradycardia, .BP .decrease, .paralytic .ileus .(from .about
.day .2-7)
Lasts .days .to .weeks
End .of .spinal .shock: .when .involuntary .spinal .reflexes .below .level .of .injury
.return .(may .not .return .with .COMPLETE .injuries)
Nursing .care .during .spinal .shock .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-- .Promote .breathing .&
.airway .clearance .(breathing .exercises, .humidification, .hydration) .- .be .careful
.with .using .suction .because .this .can .stimulate .the .vagus .nerve .and .cause
.bradycardia/cardiac .arrest
- .Improve .mobility .- .once .Dr. .allows, .reposition .patient .as .frequent .as .possible,
.assist .out .of .bed .if .spinal .column .stabilized, .splints .to .prevent .foot .drop,
.trochanter .rolls .to .prevent .hip .joint .external .rotation, .passive .ROM .exercises .to
.prevent .contractures .& .disuse .syndrome
- .Prevent .injury .from .sensory .& .perceptual .alterations .- .provide .glasses .and
.hearing .aids
- .Maintain .skin .integrity
- .Maintain .urinary .elimination: .initial .internal .catheter, .then .condom .or
.intermittent .as .long .as .neurogenic .bladder .exists
- .Improve .bowel .function: .because .spinal .shock .can .cause .paralytic .ileus .- .NG
.tube .may .be .required .to .prevent .distention .& .vomiting, .then .start .a .bowel
.program .(pattern .of .planned .evacuation, .softeners, .laxatives, .rectal .stimulation)
