ATLS Study Guide Graded A 2025

what is the #1 cause of preventable deaths after trauma? – hemorrhage what initital labs should be drawn when starting an IV in trauma? – type and cross CBC for baselines preg test for females blod gases and lactate for shock what are the 3 contra indications for a foley in trauma? – blood at eth urethral meatus perineal ecchymosis high riding or non-palpable prostate pelvic instability if suspected doa retrograde urethrogram what 2 x-ray studies should be done in blunt trauma cases? – CXR pelvic x-ray think of them as adjuncts to the primary survey what is teh algorithm for the primary survey? – ABCDE a head to toe physical and complete Hx (AMPLE) what are the key questions to ask in regards to an automobile trauma? – Truck BEDDD belt ejection direction of impact deformity of steeringwheel damage to automobile you see contacts in on teh secondary survey, what do you do? – remove them to prevent injury in cases of edema if a trauma patient deteriortes, what should you do first? – reacess ABCDEs what is adequate UOP in an adult trauma pt? child 1 yr? - 0.5 mL/kg/h 1 mL/kg/h what is a good mnemonic for handoff of care for a trauma Pt? – MIST MoI (and time) Injuries found/suspected Sx and Signs Treatments initiated for primary survey, describe what you do for ABCDE (each one, detailed) - Airway: - ascertain patency - assess for obstruction Breathing: - expose neck/chest - determine rate/depth of respirations - palpate the neck and chest - percuss chest -auscultate chest Circulation: - identify sources of hemorrhage - identify potential sources of internal hemorrhage - assess pulse quality rate, regularity - asess skin color - BP Disability: - GCS - puplis - acess for lateralizing signs of spinal cord injury Exposure: - completely expose pt but prevent hypothermia adjuncts: - ABG - Co2 monitoring - ECG - insert urinary/gastric caths - CXR, AP pelvis - FAST/DPL for secondary survey, describe what you do for each body area (detailed)? - head: - inspect/palpate entire head - pupils -redo GCS - assess eyes, ears, nose, mouth - evaluate cranial nerves Neck: inspect - palpate trachea - feel carotids, *LISTEN FOR BRUITS* - CT neck Chest: - inspect - auscultate - palpate -percuss Abd: -inspect, auscultate -percuss -palpate -FAST -CT Perineum/rectum/vagina - access - rectal: tone, blood, bony fragments, prostate - vagina: blood, obv injury MSK: - inspect, palpate - all pulses - assess pelvis - back NEURO: - evaluate motor/sensory on all 4 extremities (hypoxia/hypercarbia) agitation suggests ? obtundation suggests? - hypoxia hypercarbia assessment for difficult intubation? MN - LEMON Look externally (receeding chin, overridding teeth, narrow opening, etc) Evaluate the 3-3-2 rule -3 fingers between teeth - 3 fingers b/w hyoid bone and chin - 2 fingers b/w thyroid notch and mouth floor Mallampati Obstruction: ie epiglottitis, abcess, trauma Neck mobility - have Pt place chin to chest then extending neck to look towards the ceiling in the cases of difficult intubation what is the first best assistance device? - bougie what size cannula do you use for jet insufflation? how much time inspiration/expiration? - adults: 14-16 G