Nursing pharmacology - second year revision
based notes in question-answer format .
guaranteed A+ 2025
Explain metabolism - Correct Answers-The combination of chemical reactions in which an
organism builds up or breaks down materials into more water-soluble molecules
Explain excretion - Correct Answers-Removal of waste products from the body and filtration of
blood through nephrons in the kidneys, waste excreted in urine.
Explain bioavailability - Correct Answers-The proportion of a drug within the blood plasma
concentration that is available to reach the site of action.
Explain half life - Correct Answers-The time it takes for half of the blood plasma concentration of
a drug to be excreted
Explain steady state - Correct Answers-the amount of drug administrated is equal to the amount
of drug eliminated, resulting in a plateau or constant serum drug levels. above the MEC and
MTR
Explain MEC - Correct Answers-Minimum effective concentration. The amount of drug available
in blood plasma that is too low to produce an effect.
Explain MTR - Correct Answers-Maximum toxic range. The amount of drug available in blood
plasma that is too high producing side effects and minimum effectiveness.
,Explain therapeutic range - Correct Answers-The range of drug concentration that produces
desired therapeutic effects and lowers the possibility of ADR's
Explain antagonist - Correct Answers-Blocks receptors inhibiting receptor trigger effects.
Explain agonist - Correct Answers-Binds to receptors triggering a desired effect
Explain Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answers-How the drug affects the organism
Explain pharmacokinetics - Correct Answers-How the organism reacts to the drug (absorption,
metabolism, excretion, filtration)
Explain the first pass effect - Correct Answers-The drug is metabolized in the intestines then,
travels to the liver for further filtration before reaching systemic circulation.
What is naloxone? - Correct Answers-an opioid antagonist
What is an example of a non-narcotic? - Correct Answers-Paracetamol
Explain non-narcotics mode of action. - Correct Answers-Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and
serotonergic pathways altering pain signal transmission therefore decreasing pain reception
What are 2 examples of an NSAID? - Correct Answers-Ibuprofen, celecoxib
What are 3 examples of Narcotics? - Correct Answers-Morphine, Targin, Oxycodone
, Explain mode of action of NSAIDs. - Correct Answers-Block COX 1 and COX 2 enzymes inhibiting
prostaglandin synthesis altering pain transmission and inflammation
Explain mode of action of Narcotics. - Correct Answers-Bind to opioid receptors in the GIT and
CNS reducing pain transmission.
List 5 ADR for non-narcotics - Correct Answers-Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Allergic reaction
Hepatotoxicity
List 5 ADR's for Narcotics - Correct Answers-Nausea
Constipation
Vomiting
Dizziness
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Bradypnoea
List 5 ADR's for NSAIDs - Correct Answers-Nausea
Dizziness
GIT ulceration/bleeding
Decreased renal function
Dehydration
based notes in question-answer format .
guaranteed A+ 2025
Explain metabolism - Correct Answers-The combination of chemical reactions in which an
organism builds up or breaks down materials into more water-soluble molecules
Explain excretion - Correct Answers-Removal of waste products from the body and filtration of
blood through nephrons in the kidneys, waste excreted in urine.
Explain bioavailability - Correct Answers-The proportion of a drug within the blood plasma
concentration that is available to reach the site of action.
Explain half life - Correct Answers-The time it takes for half of the blood plasma concentration of
a drug to be excreted
Explain steady state - Correct Answers-the amount of drug administrated is equal to the amount
of drug eliminated, resulting in a plateau or constant serum drug levels. above the MEC and
MTR
Explain MEC - Correct Answers-Minimum effective concentration. The amount of drug available
in blood plasma that is too low to produce an effect.
Explain MTR - Correct Answers-Maximum toxic range. The amount of drug available in blood
plasma that is too high producing side effects and minimum effectiveness.
,Explain therapeutic range - Correct Answers-The range of drug concentration that produces
desired therapeutic effects and lowers the possibility of ADR's
Explain antagonist - Correct Answers-Blocks receptors inhibiting receptor trigger effects.
Explain agonist - Correct Answers-Binds to receptors triggering a desired effect
Explain Pharmacodynamics - Correct Answers-How the drug affects the organism
Explain pharmacokinetics - Correct Answers-How the organism reacts to the drug (absorption,
metabolism, excretion, filtration)
Explain the first pass effect - Correct Answers-The drug is metabolized in the intestines then,
travels to the liver for further filtration before reaching systemic circulation.
What is naloxone? - Correct Answers-an opioid antagonist
What is an example of a non-narcotic? - Correct Answers-Paracetamol
Explain non-narcotics mode of action. - Correct Answers-Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and
serotonergic pathways altering pain signal transmission therefore decreasing pain reception
What are 2 examples of an NSAID? - Correct Answers-Ibuprofen, celecoxib
What are 3 examples of Narcotics? - Correct Answers-Morphine, Targin, Oxycodone
, Explain mode of action of NSAIDs. - Correct Answers-Block COX 1 and COX 2 enzymes inhibiting
prostaglandin synthesis altering pain transmission and inflammation
Explain mode of action of Narcotics. - Correct Answers-Bind to opioid receptors in the GIT and
CNS reducing pain transmission.
List 5 ADR for non-narcotics - Correct Answers-Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Allergic reaction
Hepatotoxicity
List 5 ADR's for Narcotics - Correct Answers-Nausea
Constipation
Vomiting
Dizziness
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Bradypnoea
List 5 ADR's for NSAIDs - Correct Answers-Nausea
Dizziness
GIT ulceration/bleeding
Decreased renal function
Dehydration
