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RAD 112 Chest Anatomy Exam 2025
What are the divisions of the chest? - -bony thorax, respiratory system, & mediastinum
What is the bony thorax? - -Protective framework
What is in the respiratory system (division)? - -Lungs and airways
What is in the mediastinum? - -Space between lungs & contains heart and great vessels
What are the boundaries of the chest? - -top, bottom, and sides
What is the top boundary? - -superior thoracic aperture or thoracic inlet
What is the bottom boundary? - -inferior thoracic aperture or thoracic outlet (diaphragm)
What are the side boundaries? - -walls of bony thorax
What does the thorax contain? - -Lungs, Heart, Great vessels, Lymphatic system,
Esophagus, & Trachea
What are the three chambers of the chest? - -Pericardial Cavity or mediastinum, Right &
Left Pleural Cavities
What lines the chest cavity? - -serous membranes that produce serious fluid
Why is the serious fluid in the chest? - -to reduce friction
What is a pleura? - -a double membrane in the chest cavity
What are the three aspects (parts) of the pleura? - -Partital pleura
visceral pleura
plural cavity
What does the parietal pleura cover? - -Covers chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum
(outer membrane)
What does the visceral pleura or (pulmonary pleura) cover? - -Covers the lungs (inner
membrane)
What is the pleural cavity? - -Is a potential space between the membranes
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What is a pneumothorax? - -commonly called a collapsed lung & caused by air or gas in
the pleural cavity
What is a hemothorax? - -blood in the pleural cavity
What does the respiratory system include? - -Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, & Two lungs
What are the three parts of the pharynx? - -Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, &
Laryngopharynx
What is the voice box? - -larnyx
What is the larynx located? - -suspended from hyoid bone & in anterior third of neck
from ~ C4 to C6
Where is the epiglottis located? - -at the upper margin of the larynx
What is the larnyx made up of? - -cartilages
What is the largest cartilage and where is it located? - -thyroid cartilage or Adams Apple
at the level of C5
Where is the cricoid cartilage located? - -at the level of C6
What is the trachea made up of? - -16 - 20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it
from collapsing on inspiration
What are the dimensions of the trachea? - -a fibromuscular tube 2 cm (0.75") in
diameter and 11 cm (4.5") in length
What does the trachea extend from? - -C6 to T4/T5 where it bifurcates into the right and
left primary bronchi
What is the carina? - -a prominent ridge of cartilage at the lowest point of the trachea at
the bifurcation
What is a common reference point used in cross sectional anatomy, CT, and MRI? - -
the carina
What is the shape and size of the right primary bronchi? - -it's wider and more vertical
than the left, approx. 2.5 cm in length & 1.3 cm in diameter, 25° from vertical, & divides
into three secondary bronchi
Where is a common place for foreign bodies (FB) to lodge? - -the right primary bronchi
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What is the shape and size of the left primary bronchi? - -Longer and narrower than
right, approx. 5 cm in length & 1.1 cm in diameter, 37° from vertical, & divides into two
secondary bronchi
What are tertiary bronchi? - -Bronchioles & Terminal bronchioles
What are alveoli? - -the working part of the respiratory system & where the gas
exchange takes place
What is the major lung anatomy seen in chest x-rays? - -hilum, apex/apices, base,
costophrenic angles, & cardiophrenic angles
What is the hilum? - -A wedge shaped area where bronchi, blood vessels, lymph
vessels, & nerves enter and leave the lungs
Where is the hilum located? - -Lies central & medial in the lung
What is the apex (apices)? - -the rounded area located above the clavicles
What is the base of the lungs? - -the bottom of the lungs that lay above the diaphragm
Why is the right base normally higher than the left base? - -the liver
What are the costophrenic angles? - -The angle of lung where the ribs meet the
diaphragm
costo- - -ribs
-phrenic - -diaphragm
What are the cardiophrenic angles? - -The angle of lung where the mediastinum meets
the diaphragm
How many lobes does the right lung have? - -3
What are the lobes of the right lung? - -Upper/superior lobe, middle lobe, &
lower/inferior lobe
How many deep fissures does the right lung have? - -2
How many lobes does the left lung have? - -2
What are the lobes of the left lung? - -Upper/superior lobe & lower/inferior lobe
How many deep fissures does the left lung have? - -1
Rad112
RAD 112 Chest Anatomy Exam 2025
What are the divisions of the chest? - -bony thorax, respiratory system, & mediastinum
What is the bony thorax? - -Protective framework
What is in the respiratory system (division)? - -Lungs and airways
What is in the mediastinum? - -Space between lungs & contains heart and great vessels
What are the boundaries of the chest? - -top, bottom, and sides
What is the top boundary? - -superior thoracic aperture or thoracic inlet
What is the bottom boundary? - -inferior thoracic aperture or thoracic outlet (diaphragm)
What are the side boundaries? - -walls of bony thorax
What does the thorax contain? - -Lungs, Heart, Great vessels, Lymphatic system,
Esophagus, & Trachea
What are the three chambers of the chest? - -Pericardial Cavity or mediastinum, Right &
Left Pleural Cavities
What lines the chest cavity? - -serous membranes that produce serious fluid
Why is the serious fluid in the chest? - -to reduce friction
What is a pleura? - -a double membrane in the chest cavity
What are the three aspects (parts) of the pleura? - -Partital pleura
visceral pleura
plural cavity
What does the parietal pleura cover? - -Covers chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum
(outer membrane)
What does the visceral pleura or (pulmonary pleura) cover? - -Covers the lungs (inner
membrane)
What is the pleural cavity? - -Is a potential space between the membranes
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What is a pneumothorax? - -commonly called a collapsed lung & caused by air or gas in
the pleural cavity
What is a hemothorax? - -blood in the pleural cavity
What does the respiratory system include? - -Pharynx, Trachea, Bronchi, & Two lungs
What are the three parts of the pharynx? - -Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, &
Laryngopharynx
What is the voice box? - -larnyx
What is the larynx located? - -suspended from hyoid bone & in anterior third of neck
from ~ C4 to C6
Where is the epiglottis located? - -at the upper margin of the larynx
What is the larnyx made up of? - -cartilages
What is the largest cartilage and where is it located? - -thyroid cartilage or Adams Apple
at the level of C5
Where is the cricoid cartilage located? - -at the level of C6
What is the trachea made up of? - -16 - 20 C-shaped cartilaginous rings that keep it
from collapsing on inspiration
What are the dimensions of the trachea? - -a fibromuscular tube 2 cm (0.75") in
diameter and 11 cm (4.5") in length
What does the trachea extend from? - -C6 to T4/T5 where it bifurcates into the right and
left primary bronchi
What is the carina? - -a prominent ridge of cartilage at the lowest point of the trachea at
the bifurcation
What is a common reference point used in cross sectional anatomy, CT, and MRI? - -
the carina
What is the shape and size of the right primary bronchi? - -it's wider and more vertical
than the left, approx. 2.5 cm in length & 1.3 cm in diameter, 25° from vertical, & divides
into three secondary bronchi
Where is a common place for foreign bodies (FB) to lodge? - -the right primary bronchi
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What is the shape and size of the left primary bronchi? - -Longer and narrower than
right, approx. 5 cm in length & 1.1 cm in diameter, 37° from vertical, & divides into two
secondary bronchi
What are tertiary bronchi? - -Bronchioles & Terminal bronchioles
What are alveoli? - -the working part of the respiratory system & where the gas
exchange takes place
What is the major lung anatomy seen in chest x-rays? - -hilum, apex/apices, base,
costophrenic angles, & cardiophrenic angles
What is the hilum? - -A wedge shaped area where bronchi, blood vessels, lymph
vessels, & nerves enter and leave the lungs
Where is the hilum located? - -Lies central & medial in the lung
What is the apex (apices)? - -the rounded area located above the clavicles
What is the base of the lungs? - -the bottom of the lungs that lay above the diaphragm
Why is the right base normally higher than the left base? - -the liver
What are the costophrenic angles? - -The angle of lung where the ribs meet the
diaphragm
costo- - -ribs
-phrenic - -diaphragm
What are the cardiophrenic angles? - -The angle of lung where the mediastinum meets
the diaphragm
How many lobes does the right lung have? - -3
What are the lobes of the right lung? - -Upper/superior lobe, middle lobe, &
lower/inferior lobe
How many deep fissures does the right lung have? - -2
How many lobes does the left lung have? - -2
What are the lobes of the left lung? - -Upper/superior lobe & lower/inferior lobe
How many deep fissures does the left lung have? - -1
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