Written by students who passed Immediately available after payment Read online or as PDF Wrong document? Swap it for free 4,6 TrustPilot
logo-home
Document preview thumbnail
Preview 6 out of 133 pages
Summary

Samenvatting Sociologie

Document preview thumbnail
Preview 6 out of 133 pages

Samenvatting van de cursus en eigen notities gebundeld. Ikzelf ben geslaagd met een 11/20 voor dit vak o.b.v. mijn samenvatting

Content preview

SOCIOLOGIE

Inhoud
1 Sociologie, een eerste kennismaking..................................................................6

1.1 Introductie uit de les, ppt.............................................................................. 6

1.1 Inleiding, HB blz 2......................................................................................... 7

1.2 Sociologische verbeelding............................................................................. 7

1.3 Van gedrag naar samenleving.......................................................................8

1.3.1 Gedrag.................................................................................................... 8

1.3.2 Handelen & sociaal handelen..................................................................9

1.3.3 Interactie............................................................................................... 10

1.3.4 Vormen van interactie...........................................................................11

1.3.5 Stolling van interactie in cultuur & structuur........................................12

1.3.6 Context................................................................................................. 13

1.4 Sociologie & aanverwante disciplines.........................................................13

1.5 Basisregels bij de uitvoering van sociologisch onderzoek...........................17

1.5.1 Objectiviteit........................................................................................... 17

1.5.2 Concepten............................................................................................. 17

1.5.3 Generalisatie......................................................................................... 17

1.5.4 Empirisch materiaal.............................................................................. 18

1.5.5 Cumulativiteit........................................................................................ 18

1.5.6 Verifieerbare rapportering:...................................................................18

1.6 Kwantitatief of kwalitatief:...........................................................................19

1.6.1 Kwantitatief onderzoek: Het Positivisme...............................................20

1.6.2 Kwalitatieve benadering: nadruk of betekenis......................................21

1.7 De Socioloog in de Maatschappij.................................................................22

2 Cultuur............................................................................................................... 23

2.1 Inhoud van het georganiseerd samenleven: cultuur...................................23

2.1.1 Inleiding................................................................................................ 23

, 2.1.2 Cultuur specifiek menselijke eigenschap?.............................................25

2.1.3 Symbolen, tekens & taal.......................................................................27

2.1.4 Componenten van cultuur.....................................................................27

2.1.5 Kenmerken die culturen van elkaar onderscheiden..............................28

2.1.6 Ontstaan van cultuur............................................................................. 28

2.1.7 Cultuur als lens..................................................................................... 28

2.1.8 Cultuur & etniciteit................................................................................ 29

3 Sociale Structuur............................................................................................... 31

3.1 Groepen...................................................................................................... 31

3.1.1 Basiskenmerken.................................................................................... 31

3.1.2 Soorten groepen................................................................................... 31

3.1.3 Probleem van samenwerken binnen sociale groepen...........................32

3.2 Sociale relaties............................................................................................ 33

3.2.1 Macht.................................................................................................... 34

3.2.2 Sociale status & rol............................................................................... 35

3.2.3 Rolproblemen........................................................................................ 36

3.2.4 Statusproblemen................................................................................... 37

3.3 Formele organisaties:.................................................................................. 38

3.3.1 De bureaucratie.................................................................................... 38

3.3.2 Organisatie in praktijk...........................................................................41

3.4 Structurele effecten..................................................................................... 43

3.5 Slot/eindconclusie....................................................................................... 44

4 Institutionalisme & socialisatie..........................................................................44

4.1 Institutionalisme.......................................................................................... 44

4.1.1 Omschrijving......................................................................................... 44

4.1.2 Ontstaan van instituties........................................................................46

4.1.3 Voortzetting in de tijd van instituties....................................................47

4.2 Socialisatie.................................................................................................. 48

4.2.1 Omschrijving......................................................................................... 48

, 4.2.2 Belangrijkste socialisatietheorieën........................................................49

4.2.3 Identiteit & zelfbeeld............................................................................. 55

4.2.4 Emoties................................................................................................. 56

4.2.5 Kinderculturen: “peergroups” & socialisatie.........................................56

4.2.6 Rolsocialisatie....................................................................................... 58

4.2.7 Socialisatie & structuren.......................................................................59

5 Sociale controle & deviantie.............................................................................. 60

5.1 Sociale controle........................................................................................... 60

5.1.1 Morele orde........................................................................................... 61

5.1.2 Politieke orde........................................................................................ 63

5.2 Sociologische verklaringen voor deviantie..................................................63

5.2.1 Relatieve & normale karakter van deviantie.........................................63

5.2.2 Ontregeling/anomie.............................................................................. 64

5.2.3 Vervreemding........................................................................................ 67

5.2.4 Differentiële associatie..........................................................................68

5.2.5 Delinquente subcultuur.........................................................................69

5.2.6 Waarom is iemand niet deviant?...........................................................70

5.2.7 Etiketteerperspectief............................................................................. 71

6 Sociale stratificatie............................................................................................ 71

6.1 Ontstaan...................................................................................................... 71

6.2 Stratificatie in landbouwsamenlevingen......................................................72

6.2.1 Slavernij................................................................................................ 72

6.2.2 Kasten................................................................................................... 73

6.2.3 Standen................................................................................................. 73

6.3 Stratificatie in industriële samenleving: klasse...........................................73

6.3.1 Karl Marx (1818-1883)..........................................................................73

6.3.2 Max Weber (1864-1920).......................................................................74

6.3.3 Marx & Weber vergeleken.....................................................................75

6.3.4 Dahrendorf............................................................................................ 76

, 6.3.5 Bourdieu (1930-2002)...........................................................................76

6.4 Sociale mobiliteit......................................................................................... 77

6.5 Hoe worden economische klassen sociale klassen......................................78

6.6 Is sociale stratificatie noodzakelijk?............................................................79

6.7 Sociale ongelijkheid o.b.v. geslacht.............................................................80

7 Religie............................................................................................................... 82

7.1 Inleiding....................................................................................................... 82

7.2 Omschrijving............................................................................................... 82

7.2.1 Vroege pogingen tot afbakening...........................................................83

7.2.2 Hedendaagse, functionalistische & substantiële definities van religie. .85

7.3 Secularisatiedebat....................................................................................... 87

7.3.1 Klassieke secularisatiethese..................................................................88

7.3.2 Economische theorieën van religieuze betrokkenheid..........................89

7.4 Religieus fundamentalisme.........................................................................92

8 Sociale verandering........................................................................................... 93

8.1 Classificatie van samenlevingen: inleiding..................................................93

8.2 Niveaus van maatschappelijke organisatie.................................................94

8.2.1 Horde.................................................................................................... 94

8.2.2 Stam...................................................................................................... 95

8.2.3 Stam met opperste gezag.....................................................................96

8.2.4 Staat...................................................................................................... 98

8.2.5 Wereldrijken.......................................................................................... 98

8.2.6 Besluit................................................................................................... 99

8.3 Sociale verandering..................................................................................... 99

8.3.1 Inleiding................................................................................................ 99

8.3.2 Theorieën van sociale verandering.....................................................100

8.3.3 Culturele diffusietheorieën..................................................................107

8.3.4 Wereldsysteemtheorie van Wallerstein...............................................108

8.3.5 Theorie van sociale hervormingsbeweging.........................................110

, 8.4 Slotbeschouwing....................................................................................... 114

9 Sociologische benaderingswijzen....................................................................114

9.1 Inhoudelijke richtingen.............................................................................. 114

9.1.1 Structuralisme..................................................................................... 114

9.1.2 Sociologie van sociaal handelen.........................................................117

9.1.3 Symbolisch interactionisme................................................................119

9.1.4 Interactionele richting.........................................................................120

9.2 Methodologische richtingen......................................................................123

9.2.1 Functionalisme.................................................................................... 123

9.3 Besluit....................................................................................................... 126

10 Korte historische achtergrond van sociologie................................................126

10.1 Ontstaansvoorwaarden........................................................................... 126

10.2 De Pioniers.............................................................................................. 127

10.2.1 Auguste Comte (1798-1857).............................................................127

10.2.2 Adolphe Quetelet (1796-1874)..........................................................128

10.2.3 Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)...........................................................128

10.3 Klassieke sociologen............................................................................... 129

10.3.1 Inleiding............................................................................................ 129

10.3.2 Karl Marx (1818-1883)......................................................................129

10.3.3 Emile Durkheim (1857-1917)............................................................130

10.3.4 Max Weber (1864-1920)...................................................................131

10.3.5 George Simmel (1858-1918).............................................................132

10.4 Ontstaan van Amerikaanse sociologie.....................................................132

10.5 Slotbeschouwing..................................................................................... 132

, 1 Sociologie, een eerste kennismaking
1.1 Introductie uit de les, ppt

 Concept: “hebben mensen een vrije wil?”

 Vrije wil= illusie

Tegenargumentatie:

1) Jef Vermassen, artikel 71 Strafwetboek:

 Onweerstaanbare dwang

2) Hersenwetenschappen:

 Hersenen nemen onbewuste beslissingen, a.d.h.v. pijn/genot

Vb: Impulsaankoop

3) Karel de Gucht, beslissingsvrijheid:

 Door onderuithaling “vrije wil”, probleem voor veroordeling misdadigers,
want persoonlijke vrijheid = basis maatschappij & basis rechtssysteem

4) Omgeving/vrienden/familie/regering “duwen” ons in een bepaalde richting

Vb. 1: al dan niet hoger onderwijs

Vb. 2: risico werkloosheid

Vb. 3: levensverwachting a.d.h.v. opleiding

Connected book
 image
Mark Elchardus, Bram Spruyt Sociologie, een inleiding
Publisher: september 2018 ISBN: 9789401453967 Edition: 1

Document information

Study
Summarized whole book?
Yes
Uploaded on
September 23, 2020
Number of pages
133
Written in
2019/2020
Type
Summary
$8.35

Wrong document? Swap it for free Within 14 days of purchase and before downloading, you can choose a different document. You can simply spend the amount again.
Written by students who passed
Immediately available after payment
Read online or as PDF

Sold
8
Followers
8
Items
10
Last sold
4 year ago




Why students choose Stuvia

Created by fellow students, verified by reviews

Quality you can trust: written by students who passed their exams and reviewed by others who've used these notes.

Didn't get what you expected? Choose another document

No worries! You can immediately select a different document that better matches what you need.

Pay how you prefer, start learning right away

No subscription, no commitments. Pay the way you're used to via credit card or EFT and download your PDF document instantly.

Student with book image

“Bought, downloaded, and aced it. It really can be that simple.”

Alisha Student

Working on your references?

Create accurate citations in APA, MLA and Harvard with our free citation generator.

Working on your references?

Frequently asked questions