NU 606 Exam 3 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
NU 606 Exam 3
SOLUTION GUIDE (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) LATEST VERSION
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2025!!
1. Paralysis loss of motor function
2. Paresis weakness
3. Plegia stroke or paralysis
4. mono- one limb
5. hemi- both limbs on one side
6. di- or para- both upper limbs or both lower limbs
7. quadri- or tetra- all four limbs
8. 3 possible problems with the motor 1. skeletal muscle atrophy/dystrophy
unit 2. neuromuscular junction disorders
3. peripheral nerve injury
9. the motor unit alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it inner-
vates
10. most of the diseases of the motor weakness and wasting of skeletal muscle
unit cause...
11. components of the motor unit 1. cell body of the motor neuron
which cause disease when affected 2. the axon of the motor neuron
3. the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
4. muscle fibers
12. muscle atrophy lack of muscle activity; reduces muscle size, tone, and
power
reduction in the diameter of the muscle fibers because
of a loss of protein filaments
, NU 606 Exam 3
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13. Skeletal Muscle Problems: Disuse - think of how a leg in a cast gets small and weak
Atrophy
- normally innervated muscle is not used for a long
period of time
- muscle cells shrink in diameter, lose contractile pro-
teins, and become weak (do not die)
14. Skeletal Muscle Problems: Muscu- - DMD and BMD x-linked recessive
lar Dystrophy - caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene
15. pathophysiology of muscular dys- the mutation in the dystrophin gene means that the
trophy dystrophin protein is not properly attached to the cell
membrane, and the muscle cells do not effectively
contract. There is progressive degeneration and even-
tual necrosis of the muscle tissue. Finally, the muscle
is replaced by connective tissue
16. dystrophin Links thin filaments to proteins of sarcolemma
17. Duchenne muscular dystrophy *no dystrophin*
(DMD) most common form of muscular dystrophy; affects
primarily boys with onset between the ages of 3 and
5 years; the disorder progresses rapidly so that most
of these boys are unable to walk by age 12 and later
need a respirator to breathe
18. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) *some dystrophin*
very similar to, but less severe than, Duchenne mus-
cular dystrophy
19. Neuromuscular Junction Problems: - botulism
Decreased Ach Release - gentamicin
20.
, NU 606 Exam 3
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Neuromuscular Junction Problems: - physostigmine
Decreased Achesterase - neostigmine
- organophosphates
21. Neuromuscular Junction Problems: - curare
Decreased ACh effects on Muscle - myasthenia gravis
Cells
22. Botulism Clostridium botulinum is a rod shaped bacteria found
in soil.
BLOCKS THE RELEASE OF ACH INTO THE NMJ
23. Gentamicin Aminoglycoside antibiotic
adverse effect is that is can BLOCK THE RELEASE OF
ACH INTO THE NMJ
24. Physostigmine and Neostigmine used to treat myasthenia graves
INHIBIT ACHESTERASE meaning PREVENTS THE
BREAKDOWN OF ACH so ACh stays in the NMJ longer
- causes loss of respiratory function
25. organophosphates bind to achesterase and prevent them from breacking
down ach
- cause loss of respiratory function
26. curare a drug that blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- ACh cannot bind to the receptors on the muscle cells
- it paralyzes the individual, but eventually it wears off
- think of poison darts used by indigenous South
American people
27. myasthenia gravis a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuro-
muscular junction and produces serious weakness of
, NU 606 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hektsm
voluntary muscles
- the ach receptors don't work, so they are treated with
drugs that prevent the breakdown of ACh in the NMJ
to make the ACh available for longer
28. Myasthenia Gravis - autoimmune disease
- gradual destruction of ACh receptors b/c the patient
makes autoantibodies for the receptors
- gradual development of weakness from proximal to
distal (usually starts with drooping eyelid)
29. myasthenia crisis respiration compromised
30. True or false? FALSE
Acetylcholinesterase stimulates the Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh, resulting in re-
release of acetylcholine (ACh). laxation of the skeletal muscle.
31. Peripheral Nerve Injuries -demyelination
-axonal degeneration
-mononeuropathies
-polyneuropathies
32. demyelination Segmental demyelination: this occurs when there is
a disorder of schwann cells or damage to the myelin
sheath like in guillain barre syndrome.
33. axonal degeneration usually due to primary injury to cell body or the axon
in the spinal and peripheral nerves
Looking at trauma or neuropathy and degenerative
changes in the axons
34. Mononeuropathies
NU 606 Exam 3
SOLUTION GUIDE (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) LATEST VERSION
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hektsm
2025!!
1. Paralysis loss of motor function
2. Paresis weakness
3. Plegia stroke or paralysis
4. mono- one limb
5. hemi- both limbs on one side
6. di- or para- both upper limbs or both lower limbs
7. quadri- or tetra- all four limbs
8. 3 possible problems with the motor 1. skeletal muscle atrophy/dystrophy
unit 2. neuromuscular junction disorders
3. peripheral nerve injury
9. the motor unit alpha motor neuron and the muscle fibers it inner-
vates
10. most of the diseases of the motor weakness and wasting of skeletal muscle
unit cause...
11. components of the motor unit 1. cell body of the motor neuron
which cause disease when affected 2. the axon of the motor neuron
3. the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
4. muscle fibers
12. muscle atrophy lack of muscle activity; reduces muscle size, tone, and
power
reduction in the diameter of the muscle fibers because
of a loss of protein filaments
, NU 606 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hektsm
13. Skeletal Muscle Problems: Disuse - think of how a leg in a cast gets small and weak
Atrophy
- normally innervated muscle is not used for a long
period of time
- muscle cells shrink in diameter, lose contractile pro-
teins, and become weak (do not die)
14. Skeletal Muscle Problems: Muscu- - DMD and BMD x-linked recessive
lar Dystrophy - caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene
15. pathophysiology of muscular dys- the mutation in the dystrophin gene means that the
trophy dystrophin protein is not properly attached to the cell
membrane, and the muscle cells do not effectively
contract. There is progressive degeneration and even-
tual necrosis of the muscle tissue. Finally, the muscle
is replaced by connective tissue
16. dystrophin Links thin filaments to proteins of sarcolemma
17. Duchenne muscular dystrophy *no dystrophin*
(DMD) most common form of muscular dystrophy; affects
primarily boys with onset between the ages of 3 and
5 years; the disorder progresses rapidly so that most
of these boys are unable to walk by age 12 and later
need a respirator to breathe
18. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) *some dystrophin*
very similar to, but less severe than, Duchenne mus-
cular dystrophy
19. Neuromuscular Junction Problems: - botulism
Decreased Ach Release - gentamicin
20.
, NU 606 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hektsm
Neuromuscular Junction Problems: - physostigmine
Decreased Achesterase - neostigmine
- organophosphates
21. Neuromuscular Junction Problems: - curare
Decreased ACh effects on Muscle - myasthenia gravis
Cells
22. Botulism Clostridium botulinum is a rod shaped bacteria found
in soil.
BLOCKS THE RELEASE OF ACH INTO THE NMJ
23. Gentamicin Aminoglycoside antibiotic
adverse effect is that is can BLOCK THE RELEASE OF
ACH INTO THE NMJ
24. Physostigmine and Neostigmine used to treat myasthenia graves
INHIBIT ACHESTERASE meaning PREVENTS THE
BREAKDOWN OF ACH so ACh stays in the NMJ longer
- causes loss of respiratory function
25. organophosphates bind to achesterase and prevent them from breacking
down ach
- cause loss of respiratory function
26. curare a drug that blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- ACh cannot bind to the receptors on the muscle cells
- it paralyzes the individual, but eventually it wears off
- think of poison darts used by indigenous South
American people
27. myasthenia gravis a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuro-
muscular junction and produces serious weakness of
, NU 606 Exam 3
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hektsm
voluntary muscles
- the ach receptors don't work, so they are treated with
drugs that prevent the breakdown of ACh in the NMJ
to make the ACh available for longer
28. Myasthenia Gravis - autoimmune disease
- gradual destruction of ACh receptors b/c the patient
makes autoantibodies for the receptors
- gradual development of weakness from proximal to
distal (usually starts with drooping eyelid)
29. myasthenia crisis respiration compromised
30. True or false? FALSE
Acetylcholinesterase stimulates the Acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh, resulting in re-
release of acetylcholine (ACh). laxation of the skeletal muscle.
31. Peripheral Nerve Injuries -demyelination
-axonal degeneration
-mononeuropathies
-polyneuropathies
32. demyelination Segmental demyelination: this occurs when there is
a disorder of schwann cells or damage to the myelin
sheath like in guillain barre syndrome.
33. axonal degeneration usually due to primary injury to cell body or the axon
in the spinal and peripheral nerves
Looking at trauma or neuropathy and degenerative
changes in the axons
34. Mononeuropathies
