Summary Nutrition ATI; ATI Nutrition exam study guide {latest 2022} A+ guide.

Nutrition ATI; ATI Nutrition exam study guide {latest 2020/21} A guide. Nutrition ATI Intro/Macronutrients carbs: 45-65%, imp for cardiac and CNS • glycogen: stored carb in liver and muscles and released in between meals to help regulate blood sugar levels • 4 cal/g proteins: 10-15% • 0.8 g/kg of weight • 4 cal/g • fx: tissue building, metabolism, immune function, neutral nitrogen balance, wound healing • 9 essential AA – complete proteins ex. red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, yogurt, soybeans, and quinoa • incomplete proteins: lack essential AA o combined can form a complete protein: rice beans o Marasmus: total caloric deficiency  weight loss, muscle wasting, dehydration, chronic diarrhea, stomach shrinkage  starvation is a form of this disorder o Kwashiorkor: protein deficiency  edema, puffy or swollen d/t fluid retention, bulging of abdomen, inability to grow or gain weight, accumulation of fat in liver, anemia, skin lesions fats: 20-35% • 7-10% saturated fats of total daily intake • 9 cal/g • stored energy, provide padding and insulation, imp for hormone product production, absorption of fat soluble vitamins • cholesterol 200-300mg/day fiber: • women: 25 g/day • males: 38 g/day Vitamins • fat soluble: ADEK o overdose/toxicity bc stored in body o conditions that impair fat soluble vitamins absorption: Cystic fibrosis, Celiac, Crohn’s = 3C’s o vit A: vision health, skeletal and soft tissue development, strength foods – found in orange and yellow fruit, veggies like carrots, apricots, cantaloupe, fatty fish, eggs, liver, dairy – xeropthalmia o vit D: helps with calcium absorption and phosphorus, bone mineralization – sunlight, fortified milk, fatty fish, eggs  deficiency: rickets or bone loss o vit E: antioxidant – protects cells from damage – vegetable oil, nuts, dark green vegetables, whole grains  deficiency: muscle pain, weakness, poor balance o vit K: blood clotting – dark green veggies, carrots, eggs  deficiency: bleeding time  antidote for warfarin/coumadin • water soluble: B complex vitamins (TRNPPC), C o thiamine B1 o riboflavin B2 o niacin B3 o pantothenic acid B5 o pyridoxine B6 o cobalamin B12 o biotin o folate o B vit crucial for metabolism, energy, NERVOUS SYSTEM FXN  thiamine deficiency – Beriberi (ataxia, confusion, anorexia, tachycardia) – common in those with alcohol use disorder, headache, weight loss, fatigue • meat, grains, legumes  riboflavin deficiency – cheilosis (scales and cracks in corners of mouth), glossitis (iron def anemia, b12 def anemia), dermatitis • milk, meat, dark leafy vegetables  niacin deficiency – pellagra (sun sensitive skin lesions, GI, neuro) • meat, legumes, milk, whole grain, enriched bread and cerelas ...........................................{continues}