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Summary - Microbiologie

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Volledige samenvatting voor het vak Microbiologie, gegeven in 3de bachelor Biomedische Wetenschappen aan de UGent.

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MICROBIOLOGIE
Piet Cools

LES 1 : BACTERIËLE CELSTRUCTUUR EN BACTERIOFAGEN 2–8

LES 2 : PARASITOLOGIE: SCHISTOSOMIASIS & STH 9 – 13

LES 3 – 4 : BACTERIËLE PATHOGENESE 14 – 17

LES 5 – 6 : MICROBIOMEN 18 – 22

Stien Vandendriessche

LES 1 : INLEIDING 23 – 30

LES 2 : MYCOLOGIE 31 – 42

LES 3 : BELANGRIJKSTE BACTERIËLE PATHOGENEN 43 – 57

LES 4 : LABORATORIUMDIAGNOSTIEK 58 – 68

LES 5 – 6 : ANTIBIOTICA RESISTENTIE 69 – 82

Elizaveta Padalko

EP 1 : ALGEMENE INLEIDING VIROLOGIE 83 – 87

EP 2: HERPESVIRUSSEN 88 – 97

EP 3 : VIRALE INFECTIES BIJ VERMINDERDE WEERSTAND 98 – 108

EP 4 : PAPILLOMAVIRUSSEN 109 – 113

EP 5 : RESPIRATOIRE VIRUSSEN 114 – 125

EP 7 : VIRALE DIAGNOSTIEK 126 – 136

Virginie Mortier

LES 1: HIV 137 – 145

Isabel Leroux-Roels

LES 1: INFECTIEPREVENTIE EN ZIEKENHUISHYGIËNE 146 – 154

1

, Piet Cools
LES 1 – BACTERIËLE CELSTRUCTUUR EN BACTERIOFAGEN
1. CELMORFOLOGIE

1.1 Bacteriële vormen:

Kokken (-coccus, cocci):

• Ronde bacteriën

• Vormen (door verschil in celdeling):

o Stafylokokken (in trosjes)

o Streptokokken (in ketens)

o Diplokokken (in tweetallen)

Voorbeelden:

• Streptococcus agalactiae (groep B)

• Streptococcus pyogenes

• Neisseria gonorrhoeae

• Staphylococcus aureus



Bacillen (-bacillus, bacilli):

• Staafvormige bacteriën

Voorbeelden:

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Salmonella enterica

• Lactobacillus crispatus

• Escherichia coli



Andere morfotypes:

• Spiraalvormig: Treponema pallidum

• Gebogen staafjes: Vibrio cholerae, Haemophilus influenzae

• Filamenteus: segmented filamentous bacteria

• Kokobacillen




2

,2. CYTOPLASMATISCHE MEMBRAAN

• Dubbele fosfolipidelaag

o Fosfaatgroep
o Glycerol backbone
o Vetzuurketen

• Bevat transporteiwitten

• In prokaryoten: hopanoïden (sterolen bij eukaryoten = bacteriële tegenhanger van cholesterol)

• Functies:

o Permeabiliteitsbarrière

o Transport van stoffen

o Energieconservatie (proton motive force)



3. PROKARYOTE CELWAND

3.1 Gram-positieve celwand:

• Dikke laag peptidoglycaan (PG)

• Teichoïnezuur & lipoteichoïnezuur:

o Enkel in G+

o Herkenning via Toll-like receptors

o Rol in celvormbepaling & celdeling

• PG: NAG-NAM-structuur met tetra-/pentapeptide:

o Glucose-afgeleiden:

▪ N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

▪ N-acetylmuraminezuur (NAM)

o Verbonden via β(1,4)-glycosidische binding

• Tetrapeptideglycaanketens worden horizontaal en verticaal gecrosslinkt door peptidebruggen:

o G+: via 5 glycinebruggen

o G−: directe peptidebinding

• Lysozym (muramidasen): breekt β(1,4)-binding → defensief enzym




3

, 3.2 Gram-negatieve celwand:

• Dunne PG-laag

• Buitenmembraan:

o Lipopolysaccharide (LPS):

▪ Lipid A: endotoxine → immuunactivatie, septic shock

- Disaccharide met vetzuurketens en fosfaatgroepen

▪ Core oligosaccharide

▪ O-antigen (oligosachharide):

- Sterke immuunrespons
- Endotoxine
- Stabiliteit G- celmembraan
- Septic shock bloedinfecties

• Bevat porines

• Periplasma: ruimte tussen CM en BM



3.3 Gramkleuring

1. Kristalviolet: primaire kleurstof → blauw/paars

2. Lugol (jodine): maakt kleurstof minder oplosbaar → nog steeds blauw/paars

3. Alcohol (ontkleuring):

o G+ : blauw/paars
o G- : geen kleur

4. Safranine (tegenkleuring)

o G+: dik PG → houdt violetkleur vast → paars

o G−: dun PG + BM → violet weg → roze



4. OPPERVLAKTESTRUCTUREN

4.1 Glycocalyx

• Kapsel: vast aan celwand en afgebakende grenzen

• Slijmlaag: losjes geassocieerd met bacterie

• Niet zichtbaar in Gramkleuring

• Polysachariden of eiwitten

• Geen deel celwand

• Detectie: India-ink



4

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