NURS 327 Exam 2025

In the prevention of occupational lung diseases, the nurse would direct preventive teaching to which high-risk occupations? Select all that apply. Mechanic Rock quarry worker Nurse Miner Banker - -Rock quarry worker, Miner Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a patient with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? (Select all that apply.) Jugular vein distention Ascites Decreased airflow Wheezes Compromised gas exchange - -Compromised gas exchange, Decreased airflow, Wheezes Which of the following are risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Select all that apply. Tobacco smoke Occupational dust Air pollution Infection Second-hand smoke - -Tobacco smoke Occupational dust Air pollution Infection Second-hand smoke A nursing student is taking a pathophysiology examination. Which of the following factors would the student correctly identify as contributing to the underlying pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Choose all that apply. Decreased goblet cells Mucus secretions that block airways Overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange Inflamed airways that obstruct airflow - -Mucus secretions that block airways NURS 327 NUR 327 Overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange Inflamed airways that obstruct airflow The nurse is assigned to care for a patient in the ICU who is diagnosed with status asthmaticus. Why does the nurse include fluid intake as being an important aspect of the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) To loosen secretions To facilitate expectoration To assist with the effectiveness of the corticosteroids To combat dehydration To relieve bronchospasm - -To combat dehydration To loosen secretions To facilitate expectoration Limitations of Pulse Oximetry - -anemia, abnormal hemoglobin, high carbon monoxide level, the use of dyes (methylene blue), or if the patient has dark skin or is wearing nail polish. Bright light, particularly sunlight, fluorescent and xenon lights also affect accuracy. SpO2 values cannot reliably detect hypoventilation when oxygen is in use. HYPOTHERMIA, HYPOTENSION. Side effects of ACE inhibitors - -A dry, irritative cough is COMMON. Hyperkalemia, renal tubular damage, decreased B/P, dizziness, fatigue How to get a sputum specimen - -Ideally are obtained early in the morning before the patient has had anything to eat or drink. Clear the nose and the throat and rinse the mouth to decrease contamination of the sputum. Do not to simply spit saliva into the container. Take a few deep breaths, cough deeply and expectorate sputum from the lungs into a sterile container. If the patient cannot expel an adequate sputum, coughing can be induced by administering an aerosolized hypertonic solution via a nebulizer. Other methods include endotracheal or transtracheal aspiration or bronchoscopic removal. Cuff Complications - -High cuff pressure can cause tracheal bleeding, ischemia, and pressure necrosis. Low cuff pressure can increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Routine deflation of the cuff is not recommended because of the increased risk of aspiration and hypoxia S&S Oxygen Toxicity - -substernal discomfort paresthesias dyspnea restlessness NURS 327 NUR 327 fatigue malaise progressive respiratory difficulty refractory hypoxemia alveolar atelectasis and alveolar infiltrates evident on chest x-rays how to use nebulizer treatment - -breathe through the mouth, taking slow, deep breaths, and then to hold the breath for a few seconds at the end of inspiration to increase intrapleural pressure and reopen collapsed alveoli. The nurse encourages the patient to cough and to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy. Tonsillectomy self-care - -Need to take full course of prescribed anitbiotics. Know signs of hemorrhage. bleeding may occur up to 8 days post-op. Alkaline mouthwashes and warm saline solutions are useful in coping with the thick mucus and halitosis that may be present after surgery. A sore throat, stiff neck, minor ear pain, and vomiting may occur in the first 24 hours. The patient should eat an adequate diet with soft foods, which are more easily swallowed than hard foods. The patient should avoid spicy, hot, acidic, or rough foods. Milk and milk products (ice cream and yogurt) may be restricted because they make removal of mucus more difficult for some patients. Maintain good hydration. Avoid vigorous tooth brushing or gargling because these activities can cause bleeding. Use a cool-mist vaporizer or humidifier in the home postoperatively. Avoid smoking and heavy lifting or exertion for 10 days. Acute Pharyngitis Self-Care - -Complete course of antibiotics. Stay in bed during the febrile stage of illness!!! Dispose of used tissues properly. Can use warm saline gargles or throat irrigations. An ice collar also can relieve severe sore throats!!! Don't go to work till 24hrs after antibiotics are started. liquid or soft diet during acute stage!!! risk factors for laryngeal cancer - -Tobacco Combined effects of alc