HESI – Pharmacology Exam Questions with Valid Answers.
Beta Blockers (-olol)
Inderal / Propranolol
Tenormin / Atenolol
Lopressor / Metropolol - accurate answers-Anti-hypertension & Anti-
dysrhythmic
Decreases HR and BP
- With vaso-dilation comes *broncho-constriction*: avoid in *asthma* patients
- *masking tachycardia* in hypovolemia
- *masking hypoglycemia* in T1DM
What do beta blockers mask? (2) - accurate answers-- Tachycardia in
hypovolemia
- Hypoglycemia in T1DM
What population should beta blockers be avoided? - accurate answers-Asthma
patients
Clonidine (Catapres) - accurate answers-Alpha 1 blocker, works on smooth
muscle. It is CENTRALLY ACTING
Patch - change weekly
Clonidine side effects? - accurate answers-dizziness, sedation
Calcium channel blockers - accurate answers-Anti-hypertension and Anti-
dysrhythmic activity (Decreases SA / AV node conduction)
- dipine
- Calan / Verapamil
- Cardizem / Diltiazem
SE of Ca Channel blockers - accurate answers-Edema
Hypotension
Verapamil - Constipation
- pril - accurate answers-ACE Inhibitor
ACE Cough - not a reason to withhold medication
,SE of ACE Inhibitors - accurate answers-SE: Cough and *Angioedema*
Monitor renal function
- Artan - accurate answers-ARB
ARB SE - accurate answers-- Angioedema
- Renal failure (*incr. K*)
- BP - hypotension
Angioedema - accurate answers-Dyspnea
Facial Swelling
DIURETICS - accurate answers-DIURETICS
Thiazide - accurate answers-- First choice tx: *hypertension*
- Careful with *DIG & LITHIUM toxicity *
- (caution if renal impairment)
Loop Diuretic - accurate answers-- sulfa allergy
- ototoxicity
- monitor for hypotension
Aldactone - accurate answers-- *edema* (holds K, gets rid of Na; water follows
Na)
- Potassium sparing: monitor for hyperkalemia
Mannitol (IV) - accurate answers-Uses:
- ICP
- Acute renal fx.
Monitor for *confusion* (think ICP)
ANTIDYSRHYTHMICS - accurate answers-- B - Beta Blockers
- C - Calcium Channel blockers
- D - Digoxin
Indications for Digoxin (3) - accurate answers-- A Fib
- A tach (paroxysmal)
, - CHF
Digoxin
- Lab values
- Causes of toxicity
- S/S toxicity
- Administration Assess.
- Antidote - accurate answers-Therapeutic: *0.5 - 2 ng*/ml
Potassium: If low, incr. chance of Dig toxicity
S/S Toxicity: *ab pain, n, v, anorexia, visual disturbances, bradycardia*
In reference to bradycardia - Take APICAL HR prior to administration. HOLD if
Apical HR < 60
Antidote: Digoxin Immune fab (Digibind)
Treatment of Low / High K+ - accurate answers-Hypokalemia --> Give
Potassium (*K-Dur*) supplement; often given with loop diuretics
Hyperkalemia --> *Kayexelate* (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate)
ANTIANGINALS
(*nitrates*)
- Routes of admin. (4)
- Indications (3) - accurate answers-Routes:
- NG tablet
- Patch
- Paste
- IV
Indications
- ANGINA:
1 tablet SL q 5 min x 3.
If no relief after *1*, go to ER
- MI (IV)
- CHF
Beta Blockers (-olol)
Inderal / Propranolol
Tenormin / Atenolol
Lopressor / Metropolol - accurate answers-Anti-hypertension & Anti-
dysrhythmic
Decreases HR and BP
- With vaso-dilation comes *broncho-constriction*: avoid in *asthma* patients
- *masking tachycardia* in hypovolemia
- *masking hypoglycemia* in T1DM
What do beta blockers mask? (2) - accurate answers-- Tachycardia in
hypovolemia
- Hypoglycemia in T1DM
What population should beta blockers be avoided? - accurate answers-Asthma
patients
Clonidine (Catapres) - accurate answers-Alpha 1 blocker, works on smooth
muscle. It is CENTRALLY ACTING
Patch - change weekly
Clonidine side effects? - accurate answers-dizziness, sedation
Calcium channel blockers - accurate answers-Anti-hypertension and Anti-
dysrhythmic activity (Decreases SA / AV node conduction)
- dipine
- Calan / Verapamil
- Cardizem / Diltiazem
SE of Ca Channel blockers - accurate answers-Edema
Hypotension
Verapamil - Constipation
- pril - accurate answers-ACE Inhibitor
ACE Cough - not a reason to withhold medication
,SE of ACE Inhibitors - accurate answers-SE: Cough and *Angioedema*
Monitor renal function
- Artan - accurate answers-ARB
ARB SE - accurate answers-- Angioedema
- Renal failure (*incr. K*)
- BP - hypotension
Angioedema - accurate answers-Dyspnea
Facial Swelling
DIURETICS - accurate answers-DIURETICS
Thiazide - accurate answers-- First choice tx: *hypertension*
- Careful with *DIG & LITHIUM toxicity *
- (caution if renal impairment)
Loop Diuretic - accurate answers-- sulfa allergy
- ototoxicity
- monitor for hypotension
Aldactone - accurate answers-- *edema* (holds K, gets rid of Na; water follows
Na)
- Potassium sparing: monitor for hyperkalemia
Mannitol (IV) - accurate answers-Uses:
- ICP
- Acute renal fx.
Monitor for *confusion* (think ICP)
ANTIDYSRHYTHMICS - accurate answers-- B - Beta Blockers
- C - Calcium Channel blockers
- D - Digoxin
Indications for Digoxin (3) - accurate answers-- A Fib
- A tach (paroxysmal)
, - CHF
Digoxin
- Lab values
- Causes of toxicity
- S/S toxicity
- Administration Assess.
- Antidote - accurate answers-Therapeutic: *0.5 - 2 ng*/ml
Potassium: If low, incr. chance of Dig toxicity
S/S Toxicity: *ab pain, n, v, anorexia, visual disturbances, bradycardia*
In reference to bradycardia - Take APICAL HR prior to administration. HOLD if
Apical HR < 60
Antidote: Digoxin Immune fab (Digibind)
Treatment of Low / High K+ - accurate answers-Hypokalemia --> Give
Potassium (*K-Dur*) supplement; often given with loop diuretics
Hyperkalemia --> *Kayexelate* (Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate)
ANTIANGINALS
(*nitrates*)
- Routes of admin. (4)
- Indications (3) - accurate answers-Routes:
- NG tablet
- Patch
- Paste
- IV
Indications
- ANGINA:
1 tablet SL q 5 min x 3.
If no relief after *1*, go to ER
- MI (IV)
- CHF
