HESI Pharmacology Exam Questions with Accurate Answers.
Assess AP for a full minute; if its below 60 or above 100 then hold the drug. -
accurate answers-What do you do before administering Digoxin?
Positive & negative - accurate answers-Digoxin has a _______ inotrope &_________
chronotrope.
Positive inotrope - accurate answers-increases force of contraction
Negative chronotrope - accurate answers-decreases HR
Digoxin toxicity - accurate answers-Lasix can cause hypokalemia, which can
lead to what toxicity?
dig toxicity - accurate answers-A client with longterm hx use of digoxin and
lasix can create a high risk of what?
0.5 - 2 ng/mL - accurate answers-What is the normal range for digoxin?
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L - accurate answers-What is the normal level for potassium?
potassium and magnesium - accurate answers-What 2 electrolyte deficiency
would cause a increase risk for digoxin toxicity?
Anorexia, bradycardia, HA, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and visual
disturbances (blurred vision, yellow vision, and/or halo vision). - accurate
answers-What are the S/S of digoxin toxicity?
HTN - accurate answers-Labetalol is a beta blocker used to tx what condition?
Notify the prescriber for the low pulse (bradycardia) and do not give the med.
- accurate answers-Patient is about to be administered Labetalol for HTN. The
nurse checks the patient's pulse and it is below 60. What step does the nurse
take next?
Weight gain (fluid retention); Monitor patient's weight daily. 1 kg = 2.2 lb =
1,000 mL fluid gain or loss in 24 hours. - accurate answers-Major SE of
labetalol? How do you assess for this?
,Chest Pain - accurate answers-Nitroglycerin transdermal patch is for tx of.....
at bedtime to allow 8 hours without patch ( can produce tolerance in 24
hours) - accurate answers-When do you remove the nitroglycerin patch?
patient may use SL nitro when wearing patch if patient having chest pain. -
accurate answers-A patient who is prescribed the nitroglycerin patch for
angina is still continuing to have chest pain. What is a nursing consideration
for this?
B/c it can cause severe vasodilation, decrease in BP, & intense HA. - accurate
answers-Why wear gloves when applying a nitroglycerin patch?
They can take APAP for the HA. - accurate answers-What can a patient take if
experiencing a HA while taking nitroglycerin?
decrease rate of nitro drip - accurate answers-Pt. in CCU/ICU on nitro drip;
becomes hypotensive, what does the nurse do?
Yes b/c nitrates cause hypotension. - accurate answers-is it OK to give
nitroglycerin to a patient who is hypertensive?)
blood vessels; blood vessels & heart - accurate answers-CCB "dipines" affect
the ______ only. While CCBs Verapamil & diltiazem affects the _________ &
________.
vasodilation - accurate answers-CCBs "dipines" causes ?
vasoconstriction - accurate answers-CCBs Verapamil & diltiazem causes?
dizziness, facial flushing, hypotension, edema, constipation - accurate
answers-SE of CCBs
Monitor HR, BP. Avoid grapefruit juice. - accurate answers-Nursing
considerations CCBs
HTN - accurate answers-Aliskiren (Tekturna) is a direct renin inhibitor that tx
for?
,1. Don't take if pregnant (Stop drug is become pregnant).
2. Don't take with high fat meal.
3. May increase potassium so don't take with other drugs that increase
potassium. - accurate answers-Teaching for Aliskiren (Tekturna)?
pulmonary edema - accurate answers-Lasix is a loop diuretic that used for
rapid diuresis in emergencies. It tx for....
Asses for muscle cramps, and muscle weakness. - accurate answers-Lasix may
produce hypokalemia. How do you assess for this?
Hypokalemia, hypotension, F/E abnormalities, and dehydration, dizziness, HA,
tinnitus, N/V/D, hypokalemia, ototoxicity with aminoglycosides (-mycin). -
accurate answers-SE of lasix
1. Avoid taking lasix with aminoglycosides due to potential risk of ototoxicity.
2. Pt may need to be potassium supplements. - accurate answers-Lasix
nursing considerations.
Dried fruits, fish, leafy veggies, squash, beans, meats, nuts, bananas, potatoes,
dairy products. - accurate answers-Foods containing potassium....
1. assess overall condition of the veins. Use large vein, like antecubital (AC)
vein when administering potassium.
2. Venous access is important because IV potassium can irritate the vein.
3. Have patient notify nurse immediately if burning at site. IV K+ extravasation
can cause necrosis of tissues.
4. Calculate and set the rate as ordered, know anticipated duration of therapy.
5. Know restrictions imposed by patient's history.
6. Don't give IV push; use at a rate no greater than 10 mEq/hr for peripheral
IV and 20 mEq/hr for central line. Always use infusion pump.
7. Assess IV site every hour.
8. Treatment of hypokalemia adults IV: 10-20 mEq/dose (maximum 40
mEq/dose) to infuse over 2-3 hr (maximum infusion rate: 40mEq/hr) -
accurate answers-IV potassium KCL nursing considerations
Elderly - accurate answers-Antihypertensive effects are more pronounced in
the
, ACE inhibitors (-pril), aldosterone antagonists (-one), direct renin inhibitor
Aliskiren (Tekturna) - accurate answers-Which antihypertensives will raise
potassium?
Osmitrol (Mannitol) - accurate answers-This Osmotic diuretic effectiveness is
determined by ↓ ICP. NOT used for peripheral edema; used to treat pt. with
closed head injury; effective response is decreased ICP.
Potassium Sparing Diuretics - accurate answers-Spironolactone (Aldactone),
amiloride (Midamor); triamterene (Dyrenium) are all in what class of drugs?
potassium-sparing diuretic - accurate answers-this class of diuretics can cause
↑K+. Blocks receptors for aldosterone. Inhibits sodium and water
reabsorption. Teach: Take in a.m. (diuretics in the morning if possible); avoid
salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, ARBs. Often taken with other (thiazide)
diuretics to treat edema, hypertension, heart failure. Can be taken with other
meds that lower K+.
atorvastatin (lipitor), rosuvastatin (Crestor), fluvastatin, lovastatin,
simvastatin, pravastatin. - accurate answers-Statin drugs include....
HDL should increase; LDL and total cholesterol decrease. - accurate answers-
How do you evaluate effectiveness of statin drugs?
Check LFTs due to risk of hepatotoxicity risk & CK for any c/o of muscle pain. -
accurate answers-What labs should be routinely checked during Statin
therapy?
1.) Take lovastatin with evening meals. 2.) All other statins can be taken
without regards to meals. 3.) Dosing in the evenings is preferred for all satins.
4.) Take with at least 6 oz. of water. 5.) Take with food to decrease GI distress.
6.) Avoid alcohol 7.) Avoid foods that are high in fats 8.) Increase fiber in diet
due to constipation SE. - accurate answers-Statin Teaching diet.
Vasoconstriction - accurate answers-Alpha 1 stimulation causes
heart ("1 heart") - accurate answers-Beta 1 causes stimulation of the
Assess AP for a full minute; if its below 60 or above 100 then hold the drug. -
accurate answers-What do you do before administering Digoxin?
Positive & negative - accurate answers-Digoxin has a _______ inotrope &_________
chronotrope.
Positive inotrope - accurate answers-increases force of contraction
Negative chronotrope - accurate answers-decreases HR
Digoxin toxicity - accurate answers-Lasix can cause hypokalemia, which can
lead to what toxicity?
dig toxicity - accurate answers-A client with longterm hx use of digoxin and
lasix can create a high risk of what?
0.5 - 2 ng/mL - accurate answers-What is the normal range for digoxin?
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L - accurate answers-What is the normal level for potassium?
potassium and magnesium - accurate answers-What 2 electrolyte deficiency
would cause a increase risk for digoxin toxicity?
Anorexia, bradycardia, HA, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and visual
disturbances (blurred vision, yellow vision, and/or halo vision). - accurate
answers-What are the S/S of digoxin toxicity?
HTN - accurate answers-Labetalol is a beta blocker used to tx what condition?
Notify the prescriber for the low pulse (bradycardia) and do not give the med.
- accurate answers-Patient is about to be administered Labetalol for HTN. The
nurse checks the patient's pulse and it is below 60. What step does the nurse
take next?
Weight gain (fluid retention); Monitor patient's weight daily. 1 kg = 2.2 lb =
1,000 mL fluid gain or loss in 24 hours. - accurate answers-Major SE of
labetalol? How do you assess for this?
,Chest Pain - accurate answers-Nitroglycerin transdermal patch is for tx of.....
at bedtime to allow 8 hours without patch ( can produce tolerance in 24
hours) - accurate answers-When do you remove the nitroglycerin patch?
patient may use SL nitro when wearing patch if patient having chest pain. -
accurate answers-A patient who is prescribed the nitroglycerin patch for
angina is still continuing to have chest pain. What is a nursing consideration
for this?
B/c it can cause severe vasodilation, decrease in BP, & intense HA. - accurate
answers-Why wear gloves when applying a nitroglycerin patch?
They can take APAP for the HA. - accurate answers-What can a patient take if
experiencing a HA while taking nitroglycerin?
decrease rate of nitro drip - accurate answers-Pt. in CCU/ICU on nitro drip;
becomes hypotensive, what does the nurse do?
Yes b/c nitrates cause hypotension. - accurate answers-is it OK to give
nitroglycerin to a patient who is hypertensive?)
blood vessels; blood vessels & heart - accurate answers-CCB "dipines" affect
the ______ only. While CCBs Verapamil & diltiazem affects the _________ &
________.
vasodilation - accurate answers-CCBs "dipines" causes ?
vasoconstriction - accurate answers-CCBs Verapamil & diltiazem causes?
dizziness, facial flushing, hypotension, edema, constipation - accurate
answers-SE of CCBs
Monitor HR, BP. Avoid grapefruit juice. - accurate answers-Nursing
considerations CCBs
HTN - accurate answers-Aliskiren (Tekturna) is a direct renin inhibitor that tx
for?
,1. Don't take if pregnant (Stop drug is become pregnant).
2. Don't take with high fat meal.
3. May increase potassium so don't take with other drugs that increase
potassium. - accurate answers-Teaching for Aliskiren (Tekturna)?
pulmonary edema - accurate answers-Lasix is a loop diuretic that used for
rapid diuresis in emergencies. It tx for....
Asses for muscle cramps, and muscle weakness. - accurate answers-Lasix may
produce hypokalemia. How do you assess for this?
Hypokalemia, hypotension, F/E abnormalities, and dehydration, dizziness, HA,
tinnitus, N/V/D, hypokalemia, ototoxicity with aminoglycosides (-mycin). -
accurate answers-SE of lasix
1. Avoid taking lasix with aminoglycosides due to potential risk of ototoxicity.
2. Pt may need to be potassium supplements. - accurate answers-Lasix
nursing considerations.
Dried fruits, fish, leafy veggies, squash, beans, meats, nuts, bananas, potatoes,
dairy products. - accurate answers-Foods containing potassium....
1. assess overall condition of the veins. Use large vein, like antecubital (AC)
vein when administering potassium.
2. Venous access is important because IV potassium can irritate the vein.
3. Have patient notify nurse immediately if burning at site. IV K+ extravasation
can cause necrosis of tissues.
4. Calculate and set the rate as ordered, know anticipated duration of therapy.
5. Know restrictions imposed by patient's history.
6. Don't give IV push; use at a rate no greater than 10 mEq/hr for peripheral
IV and 20 mEq/hr for central line. Always use infusion pump.
7. Assess IV site every hour.
8. Treatment of hypokalemia adults IV: 10-20 mEq/dose (maximum 40
mEq/dose) to infuse over 2-3 hr (maximum infusion rate: 40mEq/hr) -
accurate answers-IV potassium KCL nursing considerations
Elderly - accurate answers-Antihypertensive effects are more pronounced in
the
, ACE inhibitors (-pril), aldosterone antagonists (-one), direct renin inhibitor
Aliskiren (Tekturna) - accurate answers-Which antihypertensives will raise
potassium?
Osmitrol (Mannitol) - accurate answers-This Osmotic diuretic effectiveness is
determined by ↓ ICP. NOT used for peripheral edema; used to treat pt. with
closed head injury; effective response is decreased ICP.
Potassium Sparing Diuretics - accurate answers-Spironolactone (Aldactone),
amiloride (Midamor); triamterene (Dyrenium) are all in what class of drugs?
potassium-sparing diuretic - accurate answers-this class of diuretics can cause
↑K+. Blocks receptors for aldosterone. Inhibits sodium and water
reabsorption. Teach: Take in a.m. (diuretics in the morning if possible); avoid
salt substitutes, ACE inhibitors, ARBs. Often taken with other (thiazide)
diuretics to treat edema, hypertension, heart failure. Can be taken with other
meds that lower K+.
atorvastatin (lipitor), rosuvastatin (Crestor), fluvastatin, lovastatin,
simvastatin, pravastatin. - accurate answers-Statin drugs include....
HDL should increase; LDL and total cholesterol decrease. - accurate answers-
How do you evaluate effectiveness of statin drugs?
Check LFTs due to risk of hepatotoxicity risk & CK for any c/o of muscle pain. -
accurate answers-What labs should be routinely checked during Statin
therapy?
1.) Take lovastatin with evening meals. 2.) All other statins can be taken
without regards to meals. 3.) Dosing in the evenings is preferred for all satins.
4.) Take with at least 6 oz. of water. 5.) Take with food to decrease GI distress.
6.) Avoid alcohol 7.) Avoid foods that are high in fats 8.) Increase fiber in diet
due to constipation SE. - accurate answers-Statin Teaching diet.
Vasoconstriction - accurate answers-Alpha 1 stimulation causes
heart ("1 heart") - accurate answers-Beta 1 causes stimulation of the
