Pharmacology HESI Exam Questions with Accurate
Solutions.
what are nitroglycerins used for? - accurate answers-symptomatic tx of angina
MOA of nitrates? - accurate answers-vasodilates vessels, resulting in reduced
myocardial infarction and BP
how is tolerance to nitrates prevented? - accurate answers-allow regular
nitrate-free period to let enzyme pathways replenish [transdermal: remove at
bedtime for 8 hrs]
specific instructions for nitroglycerin ointments? - accurate answers-place on
non-hairy part of body, wear gloves when removing / placing ointment
adverse effects of nitroglycerin? - accurate answers-headache = most
common; reflex tachycardia, hypotension
NI for sublingual form of nitrates? - accurate answers-don't chew or swallow;
burning sensation = still potent
how should pts employ nitrates in anginal episodes? - accurate answers-lie
down / stop activity, take a tablet and call 911, if no relief in 5-minute
intervals, take two more tablets. don't try to drive to the hospital.
indications for tetracyclines? - accurate answers-they're wide-spectrum; gram
neg and positive organisms, mycoplasma, rocky mountain spotted fever,
chlamydia, lyme disease
adverse effects for tetracyclines? - accurate answers-have a strong affinity for
calcium; discoloration of permanent teeth / tooth enamel in fetuses and
children; may retard skeletal development of fetus
STOP - accurate answers-things to remember w/ tetracyclines
Sunlight sensitivity
Take with a full glass of water
nO antacid, iron, milk
Put drug on empty stomach
, what type of drug is baclofen [Lioresal]? - accurate answers-muscle relaxant
what does baclofen [Lioresal] do? - accurate answers-relieves muscle spasms,
manages chronic disorders [MS and cerebral palsy]
adverse effects of baclofen [Lioresal]? - accurate answers-drowsiness** [don't
drive at night], dizziness, fatigue, muscle weakness, euphoria, lightheadedness
what is digoxin and what's its therapeutic level? - accurate answers-cardiac
glycoside [2nd line treatment for heart failure]; normal therapeutic levels =
0.5-2 ng/mL
what causes dig toxicity? - accurate answers-mostly hypokalemia
what's the antidote for dig toxicity and when should it be used? - accurate
answers-Digoxin Immune Fab [Digifab]; given by IV; use in cardiac
dysrhythmias / hyperkalemia / dig toxicity
dopaminergic drug side effects? - accurate answers-assess S&S of PD
[masklike expression, speech problems, dysphagia, rigidity, tremors --- do
manual BP / pulse]
what should be taught regarding PD and medication therapy? - accurate
answers-don't discontinue antiparkinson drugs suddenly**, monitor for
response to drug therapy
what are the desired responses for PD drug therapy? - accurate answers-
increased ability to perform ADLs, less intense symptoms [tremor, shuffling
gait, muscle rigidity, involuntary movements]
what happens in pts directly after administration of dilaudid? - accurate
answers-[dilaudid is an opioid] Pt's HR speeds up, feels hot / anxious /
flushed
serious adverse reactions to Dilaudid? - accurate answers-CNS depression
leading to respiratory depression, constipation, N&V, urinary retention, pupil
constriction, rash / hypotension / palpitations / bradycardia. hard on the
elderly.
Solutions.
what are nitroglycerins used for? - accurate answers-symptomatic tx of angina
MOA of nitrates? - accurate answers-vasodilates vessels, resulting in reduced
myocardial infarction and BP
how is tolerance to nitrates prevented? - accurate answers-allow regular
nitrate-free period to let enzyme pathways replenish [transdermal: remove at
bedtime for 8 hrs]
specific instructions for nitroglycerin ointments? - accurate answers-place on
non-hairy part of body, wear gloves when removing / placing ointment
adverse effects of nitroglycerin? - accurate answers-headache = most
common; reflex tachycardia, hypotension
NI for sublingual form of nitrates? - accurate answers-don't chew or swallow;
burning sensation = still potent
how should pts employ nitrates in anginal episodes? - accurate answers-lie
down / stop activity, take a tablet and call 911, if no relief in 5-minute
intervals, take two more tablets. don't try to drive to the hospital.
indications for tetracyclines? - accurate answers-they're wide-spectrum; gram
neg and positive organisms, mycoplasma, rocky mountain spotted fever,
chlamydia, lyme disease
adverse effects for tetracyclines? - accurate answers-have a strong affinity for
calcium; discoloration of permanent teeth / tooth enamel in fetuses and
children; may retard skeletal development of fetus
STOP - accurate answers-things to remember w/ tetracyclines
Sunlight sensitivity
Take with a full glass of water
nO antacid, iron, milk
Put drug on empty stomach
, what type of drug is baclofen [Lioresal]? - accurate answers-muscle relaxant
what does baclofen [Lioresal] do? - accurate answers-relieves muscle spasms,
manages chronic disorders [MS and cerebral palsy]
adverse effects of baclofen [Lioresal]? - accurate answers-drowsiness** [don't
drive at night], dizziness, fatigue, muscle weakness, euphoria, lightheadedness
what is digoxin and what's its therapeutic level? - accurate answers-cardiac
glycoside [2nd line treatment for heart failure]; normal therapeutic levels =
0.5-2 ng/mL
what causes dig toxicity? - accurate answers-mostly hypokalemia
what's the antidote for dig toxicity and when should it be used? - accurate
answers-Digoxin Immune Fab [Digifab]; given by IV; use in cardiac
dysrhythmias / hyperkalemia / dig toxicity
dopaminergic drug side effects? - accurate answers-assess S&S of PD
[masklike expression, speech problems, dysphagia, rigidity, tremors --- do
manual BP / pulse]
what should be taught regarding PD and medication therapy? - accurate
answers-don't discontinue antiparkinson drugs suddenly**, monitor for
response to drug therapy
what are the desired responses for PD drug therapy? - accurate answers-
increased ability to perform ADLs, less intense symptoms [tremor, shuffling
gait, muscle rigidity, involuntary movements]
what happens in pts directly after administration of dilaudid? - accurate
answers-[dilaudid is an opioid] Pt's HR speeds up, feels hot / anxious /
flushed
serious adverse reactions to Dilaudid? - accurate answers-CNS depression
leading to respiratory depression, constipation, N&V, urinary retention, pupil
constriction, rash / hypotension / palpitations / bradycardia. hard on the
elderly.
