RPSGT Study Guide with Complete
Solutions
What part of the brain generates EEG waveforms? - The thalmus
What cells do we collect electrical activity data from - Pyramidal cells
What is the resting potential for pyramidial cells - -60 to -80 uv
What is a capacitor - something that stores and electrical charge
What is an A to D converter - Analog to digital converter
What does the DC amplifier do - processes relatively constant or slowly fluctuating
voltage
i.e: oximetry
What does the AC amplifier do - processes relatively fast signal frequency
i.e: EEG, EOG, ECG
What amplifier precesses common mode rejection - AC amplifier
*also called the differential amplifier
What electrode is ALWAYS your exploring electrode - input 1
Input 2 is used as your reference electrode, what electrodes are referred to as your
reference electrode? - M1 & M2
What electrodes are considered exploring electrodes - F3,F4,C3,C4,O1,O1
What k ohms is a desired impedence level - 5 k ohms
how does common mode rejection work - common frequencey is rejected and only the
different frequencies are displayed
Input voltage from C4 is at 53 uv. The input voltage of M1 is 76 uv, what is the output
voltage - -23uv
When a patient looks down, what will the tracing show - The tracing will spike up
When the patient looks left what direction will the tracing be - An upward spike
,What is the general rule for the sampling rate - The faster the sampling rate the more
accurate the tracing
What is the HFF set at for seizure activity - 70 Hz
The video card is set at what resolution - 1600x1200
What are the digital resolution settings - 12 bits per sample minimum resolution of 4096
data points determined by ADC
What is the nyquist principle - The sampling rate must be at least TWICE AS FAST AS
THE FASTEST FREQUENCY that will be recorded
What electrodes have a 500 Hz sampling rate - EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG
What electrodes have a sampling rate of 100 Hz - Airflow, nasal pressure, EtCO2, PAP,
esophageal pressure, rib cage, abdominal movement
What are the labels used for voltage, sensitivity and deflection - V = voltage, S =
sensitivity, D = deflection
What will happen to your waveform if you decrese the sensitivity - It will make your
waveform larger
What will happen to your brain wave tracing if you increase the gain - It will make your
wave larger
What is considered ideal impedence for all leads - less than 5 k ohms
What is acceptable impedance for EMG leads - less than 10 k ohms
What is the bandpass for the amplifier filters - LFF = less than 0.1 Hz, HFF = greater
than 100 Hz
What are the LFF settings for each electrode - EEG = 0.3 Hz, EOG = 0.3 Hz, EMG = 10
Hz, Snore = 10 Hz, Resp = 0.1 Hz, ECG = 0.3 Hz
What is the HFF setting for each electrode - EEG = 35 Hz, EOG = 35 Hz, EMG = 100
Hz, Snore = 100 Hz, ECG = 70 Hz, Resp = 15 Hz
What does it mean when you want to attenuate the amplitude - reduce the amplitude
What are other names for HFF and LFF - HFF = high pass filter, LFF = low pass filter
,What effect will a HFF set at 35 Hz have on a 50 Hz sine wave - attenuate the
amplitude
How is time constant defined - The time it takes in seconds for a waveform to drop 37%
of it's calculated amplitude
What do barbituates do besides increase TST - *REM suppressor, increase sleep
spindles, increase slow wave sleep, decrease WASO
** How do you figure TWT - total wake epochs divided by 2
When a person is awake what is the Hz measurement of the alpha wave? Asleep? -
Awake = 8-13 Hz, Asleep = 7-10 Hz
Parasomnias usually occur in what stage of sleep - N3 = the deepest stage of sleep
What is the best way to measure airway resistance - esophageal manometry
** How do you figure sleep stage % - # of epochs of sleep stage / 2 = # of min in sleep
stage
# of min / TST x 100 = % time in sleep stage
hypnotics decrese sleep latency, but what classes of drugs are considered hypnotics -
barbituates, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepines
How is hypopnea determined - a minimum desaturation of 3%
*medicare requires a desat of 4%
The best way to measure a hypopnea is: - pressure transducer
With shy-drager syndrome, what are some of the symptoms seen? - **low bp when
standing, abnormal breathing during sleep, disrupted REM, decreased REM
What is the cause of eye movement aritfact - corneal retinal potential
In a narcoleptic patient, what will you see on the MSLT - sleep latency less than 5 min,
2 or more sleep onset REM periods
What are the contraindications for oral appliances - patients less than 18 yrs old,
patients with unhealthy mouths
What are the indications for a person taking benzodiazepines - sleep anxiety, insomnia,
to help treat PLM's
What effects on sleep will benzodiazepines have - *increased spindle activity,
*increased N1 and N2, increased REM latency, decreased REM
, What can acute alcohol withdrawl lead to - decreased REM latency
How many ohms should the resistance measure from chasis to ground - greater than
0.5 ohms
What is the maximum leakage of amps for equipment in direct contact with the patient,
and not in direct contact with the patient - direct contact = 100 micro amps, indirect
contact = 300 micro amps
What does electrical equipment need to be plugged into - an isolator transformer
*How do you figure TST - lights on eoch - lights out epoch / 2
**How do you figure events index - (# of events / TST)x60
What are the 4 key symptoms of narcolepsy - EDS, cataplexy, hypnagogic
hallucinations, sleep paralysis
What is the frequency of each wave - Delta - less than 4 Hz
Theta - 4 to 7 Hz
Alpha - 8 to 13 Hz
Beta - less than 13 Hz
spindles - 11 to 16 Hz
What part of the night is typical for confusion arousals - first 1/3 of the night
What is considered ideal impedence levels - less than 5 k ohms
What is the DC output variable for oximetry - 0 to 1 volt signal to DC amplifier
*How do you figure sleep latency - sleep onset - lights out epoch/2
What are the classiccations of sleep disorders - insomnia, sleep related breathing,
hypersomna of central origin, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, parasomnia, sleep
related movement disorder
What is the general criteria for insomnia - fatigue or malaise, attention, concentration or
memory impairment, social work/dysfunction, moodiness, daytime sleepiness, lack of
motivation, GI upset, concerns or worries about sleep
What is another name for sleep terrors - Pavor Nocturnis
What type of artifact s electrical in nature - 60 Hz
Solutions
What part of the brain generates EEG waveforms? - The thalmus
What cells do we collect electrical activity data from - Pyramidal cells
What is the resting potential for pyramidial cells - -60 to -80 uv
What is a capacitor - something that stores and electrical charge
What is an A to D converter - Analog to digital converter
What does the DC amplifier do - processes relatively constant or slowly fluctuating
voltage
i.e: oximetry
What does the AC amplifier do - processes relatively fast signal frequency
i.e: EEG, EOG, ECG
What amplifier precesses common mode rejection - AC amplifier
*also called the differential amplifier
What electrode is ALWAYS your exploring electrode - input 1
Input 2 is used as your reference electrode, what electrodes are referred to as your
reference electrode? - M1 & M2
What electrodes are considered exploring electrodes - F3,F4,C3,C4,O1,O1
What k ohms is a desired impedence level - 5 k ohms
how does common mode rejection work - common frequencey is rejected and only the
different frequencies are displayed
Input voltage from C4 is at 53 uv. The input voltage of M1 is 76 uv, what is the output
voltage - -23uv
When a patient looks down, what will the tracing show - The tracing will spike up
When the patient looks left what direction will the tracing be - An upward spike
,What is the general rule for the sampling rate - The faster the sampling rate the more
accurate the tracing
What is the HFF set at for seizure activity - 70 Hz
The video card is set at what resolution - 1600x1200
What are the digital resolution settings - 12 bits per sample minimum resolution of 4096
data points determined by ADC
What is the nyquist principle - The sampling rate must be at least TWICE AS FAST AS
THE FASTEST FREQUENCY that will be recorded
What electrodes have a 500 Hz sampling rate - EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG
What electrodes have a sampling rate of 100 Hz - Airflow, nasal pressure, EtCO2, PAP,
esophageal pressure, rib cage, abdominal movement
What are the labels used for voltage, sensitivity and deflection - V = voltage, S =
sensitivity, D = deflection
What will happen to your waveform if you decrese the sensitivity - It will make your
waveform larger
What will happen to your brain wave tracing if you increase the gain - It will make your
wave larger
What is considered ideal impedence for all leads - less than 5 k ohms
What is acceptable impedance for EMG leads - less than 10 k ohms
What is the bandpass for the amplifier filters - LFF = less than 0.1 Hz, HFF = greater
than 100 Hz
What are the LFF settings for each electrode - EEG = 0.3 Hz, EOG = 0.3 Hz, EMG = 10
Hz, Snore = 10 Hz, Resp = 0.1 Hz, ECG = 0.3 Hz
What is the HFF setting for each electrode - EEG = 35 Hz, EOG = 35 Hz, EMG = 100
Hz, Snore = 100 Hz, ECG = 70 Hz, Resp = 15 Hz
What does it mean when you want to attenuate the amplitude - reduce the amplitude
What are other names for HFF and LFF - HFF = high pass filter, LFF = low pass filter
,What effect will a HFF set at 35 Hz have on a 50 Hz sine wave - attenuate the
amplitude
How is time constant defined - The time it takes in seconds for a waveform to drop 37%
of it's calculated amplitude
What do barbituates do besides increase TST - *REM suppressor, increase sleep
spindles, increase slow wave sleep, decrease WASO
** How do you figure TWT - total wake epochs divided by 2
When a person is awake what is the Hz measurement of the alpha wave? Asleep? -
Awake = 8-13 Hz, Asleep = 7-10 Hz
Parasomnias usually occur in what stage of sleep - N3 = the deepest stage of sleep
What is the best way to measure airway resistance - esophageal manometry
** How do you figure sleep stage % - # of epochs of sleep stage / 2 = # of min in sleep
stage
# of min / TST x 100 = % time in sleep stage
hypnotics decrese sleep latency, but what classes of drugs are considered hypnotics -
barbituates, benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepines
How is hypopnea determined - a minimum desaturation of 3%
*medicare requires a desat of 4%
The best way to measure a hypopnea is: - pressure transducer
With shy-drager syndrome, what are some of the symptoms seen? - **low bp when
standing, abnormal breathing during sleep, disrupted REM, decreased REM
What is the cause of eye movement aritfact - corneal retinal potential
In a narcoleptic patient, what will you see on the MSLT - sleep latency less than 5 min,
2 or more sleep onset REM periods
What are the contraindications for oral appliances - patients less than 18 yrs old,
patients with unhealthy mouths
What are the indications for a person taking benzodiazepines - sleep anxiety, insomnia,
to help treat PLM's
What effects on sleep will benzodiazepines have - *increased spindle activity,
*increased N1 and N2, increased REM latency, decreased REM
, What can acute alcohol withdrawl lead to - decreased REM latency
How many ohms should the resistance measure from chasis to ground - greater than
0.5 ohms
What is the maximum leakage of amps for equipment in direct contact with the patient,
and not in direct contact with the patient - direct contact = 100 micro amps, indirect
contact = 300 micro amps
What does electrical equipment need to be plugged into - an isolator transformer
*How do you figure TST - lights on eoch - lights out epoch / 2
**How do you figure events index - (# of events / TST)x60
What are the 4 key symptoms of narcolepsy - EDS, cataplexy, hypnagogic
hallucinations, sleep paralysis
What is the frequency of each wave - Delta - less than 4 Hz
Theta - 4 to 7 Hz
Alpha - 8 to 13 Hz
Beta - less than 13 Hz
spindles - 11 to 16 Hz
What part of the night is typical for confusion arousals - first 1/3 of the night
What is considered ideal impedence levels - less than 5 k ohms
What is the DC output variable for oximetry - 0 to 1 volt signal to DC amplifier
*How do you figure sleep latency - sleep onset - lights out epoch/2
What are the classiccations of sleep disorders - insomnia, sleep related breathing,
hypersomna of central origin, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, parasomnia, sleep
related movement disorder
What is the general criteria for insomnia - fatigue or malaise, attention, concentration or
memory impairment, social work/dysfunction, moodiness, daytime sleepiness, lack of
motivation, GI upset, concerns or worries about sleep
What is another name for sleep terrors - Pavor Nocturnis
What type of artifact s electrical in nature - 60 Hz
