Urinary system Test Questions with
Verified Answers
Identify parts of the nephron and vasa recta involved in concentrating urine. - Ans -
see diagram
For each of the following locations, tell whether NaCl will enter the interstitial fluid, leave
the interstitial fluid and enter the filtrate or blood, or not move (is impermeable to solutes).
- Ans -see diagram
For each of the following locations, tell whether water will enter the interstitial fluid, leave
the interstitial fluid and enter the filtrate or blood, or not move (impermeable to water). -
Ans -see diagram
Determine whether each of the following scenarios will lead to urine production with a high
volume and low concentration or urine production with a low volume and a high
concentration. - Ans -see diagram
The kidney uses three hormones to adjust the concentration and volume of the urine.
These hormones function by changing the permeabilities of the late distal convoluted
tubule and collecting duct. Complete the following statements about these hormones and
their effect on urine outpu - Ans -see diagram
When the macula densa detects an increase in NaCl concentration in the renal filtrate,
what happens to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? - Ans -GFR decreases
If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mmHg to 35 mmHg
due to dehydration, would net filtration increase or decrease? - Ans -Net filtration
would decrease.
1
Page
, The flow of filtrate through the tubules is elevated. Complete the following statements to
indicate the effects of this high rate of flow. The descriptive terms may be used once, more
than once, or not at all. - Ans -see diagram
Lisa suffers from kidney stones. One small stone manages to get lodged in the ascending
limb of the nephron loop of one of her nephrons. Predict what would happen to the amount
of filtrate produced over time by this particular nephron. - Ans -Decrease in filtrate
production due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space
Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate? - Ans -blood cells
and large particles
What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration? -
Ans -hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)
Which substance would be found in higher concentration if the membrane were damaged?
- Ans -protein
If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm
Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease? - Ans -net filtration would decrease
Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg, capillary
osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg. -
Ans -25 mm Hg
Most solutes that are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule use which of the
following pathways? - Ans -transcellular
2
Page
Verified Answers
Identify parts of the nephron and vasa recta involved in concentrating urine. - Ans -
see diagram
For each of the following locations, tell whether NaCl will enter the interstitial fluid, leave
the interstitial fluid and enter the filtrate or blood, or not move (is impermeable to solutes).
- Ans -see diagram
For each of the following locations, tell whether water will enter the interstitial fluid, leave
the interstitial fluid and enter the filtrate or blood, or not move (impermeable to water). -
Ans -see diagram
Determine whether each of the following scenarios will lead to urine production with a high
volume and low concentration or urine production with a low volume and a high
concentration. - Ans -see diagram
The kidney uses three hormones to adjust the concentration and volume of the urine.
These hormones function by changing the permeabilities of the late distal convoluted
tubule and collecting duct. Complete the following statements about these hormones and
their effect on urine outpu - Ans -see diagram
When the macula densa detects an increase in NaCl concentration in the renal filtrate,
what happens to the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? - Ans -GFR decreases
If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mmHg to 35 mmHg
due to dehydration, would net filtration increase or decrease? - Ans -Net filtration
would decrease.
1
Page
, The flow of filtrate through the tubules is elevated. Complete the following statements to
indicate the effects of this high rate of flow. The descriptive terms may be used once, more
than once, or not at all. - Ans -see diagram
Lisa suffers from kidney stones. One small stone manages to get lodged in the ascending
limb of the nephron loop of one of her nephrons. Predict what would happen to the amount
of filtrate produced over time by this particular nephron. - Ans -Decrease in filtrate
production due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space
Which of the following substances is not normally found in filtrate? - Ans -blood cells
and large particles
What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration? -
Ans -hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure)
Which substance would be found in higher concentration if the membrane were damaged?
- Ans -protein
If the osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increased from 28 mm Hg to 35 mm
Hg, would net filtration increase or decrease? - Ans -net filtration would decrease
Calculate the net filtration pressure if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 60 mm Hg, capillary
osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg, and capsular hydrostatic pressure is 10 mm Hg. -
Ans -25 mm Hg
Most solutes that are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule use which of the
following pathways? - Ans -transcellular
2
Page
