NTR Final Exam questions with
complete solutions passed
Carnitine is a compound found in nearly every cell of the body and is involved in the production of
energy. There is no DRI for carnitine. From this we can conclude that carnitine:
A. Is not essential for life.
B. Is not known to be toxic.
C. Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body.
D. B and C
E. All of the above - correct answer C. Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body.
Maddie has consumed almost no Vitamin C for her entire life yet she is 7 years old and very healthy.
Hillary died of scurvy at the age of 7 after 3 months of consuming almost no Vitamin C. Which of the
following is an explanation for this?
A. Maddie's needs are just a lot less than other people's needs.
B. Hillary's needs are just a lot more than other people's needs.
C. A and B
D. Hillary is a human and Maddie is a dog - correct answer D. Hillary is a human and Maddie is a dog
________ include water.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - correct answer A. Macronutrients
____________ are required in mg and mcg amounts.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - correct answer B. Micronutrients
,Only small amounts of food are necessary to get adequate amounts of these in the diet.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - correct answer D. Neither A nor B
The original DRIs did not have recommendations for carbohydrates and fat because:
A. Concerns regarding these nutrients did not develop until heart disease became the most common
cause of death.
B. There was not enough known about them at the time to establish a recommendation.
C. When the DRIs were being developed the primary dietary concerns centered on micronutrient
deficiency diseases.
D. A and C
E. All of the above - correct answer D. A and C
Monica has an app on her phone that tracks her nutrient intake. Over the last few weeks she's been
averaging 150g of carbohydrates a day. Her friend George says "You really need ore carbs! The DRI is
300g and your intake is only half that. Which of the following statements concerning George's
recommendation is/are correct?
A. George is wrong. Monica would first need to know what her total calorie intake is before she could
determine if her intake is too low (or too high).
B. George is right. The DRI is 300g and Monica's intake is marginal so she should be consuming more
carbs., - correct answer A. George is wrong. Monica would first need to know what her total calorie
intake is before she could determine if her intake is too low (or too high).
T/F: The DRIs for the vitamins minerals, protein, and fiber represent the average need within each
age and sex group. In other words, if your intake equals the DRI there is a 50% probability that your
true need is being met - correct answer False
In a section of a book on phytonutrients the author says, "If these substances had been discovered
back in the 1920s along with nutrients like Vitamin C, we'd be calling them vitamins today." Which of
the following statements concerning that quote is/are CORRECT?
A. The author is correct -- given what we now know about their functions in the body we would have
been calling phytonutrients "vitamins" today had they been discovered early on.
B. The phytonutrients likely weren't discovered earlier on because their absence in the diet does not
result in a specific set of symptoms unique to each compound.
,C. The phytonutrients likely weren't discovered earlier on because their absence in the diet appears
to affect the risk for diseases that were not that prevalent in the 1920s.
D. B and C
E. All of the above, - correct answer D. B and C
Millie feels a cold coming on so she reaches for her bottle of Vitamin C pills and takes 4g of it. Her
friend Amanda points out that the DRI for women is 75mg and the UL is 2000mg. "I know I'm taking a
lot " Millie says, "but since it's natural it's a whole lot safer than any of those drugs that you take."
Which of the following responses should Amanda make?
A. "You're right. It can't hurt to at least give it a try. The worst that happens is that you flush it all
down the toilet in your pee."
B. "Actually, your intake is above the UL, meaning that it's very likely to have toxic effects."
C. "Your intake is above the UL so there's no guarantee that it won't have any harmful effects."
D. "Your intake is well above what you could be getting from food alone. So any effects you may get
from it are, in essence, drug, not natural effects."
E. C and D, - correct answer E. C and D
Michael's mother gave him several bottles of One-A-Day multivitamins when he went off to college
in the fall because she knew he wouldn't be eating many fruits and vegetables if she wasn't around.
During winter break he admitted that he was only taking them every few days when he remembered
to take them at all. Which of the following would be a correct response for his mother to make?
A. "That's OK. The DRIs are really based on average intake over time -- you don't need to get Vitamin
C every day."
B. "They're called One-A-Day because you really do need to get as close to 100% of what's
recommended every day. So please try harder to remember to take them.", - correct answer A.
"That's OK. The DRIs are really based on average intake over time -- you don't need to get Vitamin C
every day."
The cable channel TLC had a show called "Picky Eaters" that presented people with unusual eating
patterns. Imagine a person named Mark on that show who eats the exact same thing from each of
the 5 food groups (dairy meat/alternate, fruit, vegetable, grain) every day. Now imagine that the
narrator says, "Well, even though Mark eats only 5 things, at least they represent each group so he
doesn't have to worry about not getting enough of the essential nutrients." This statement is:
A. True. Variety within groups is not really that important as long as there is variety across groups.
B. False. Not all foods within a group are equally good contributors to individual nutrient intake so
variety within a group is important as well., - correct answer B. False. Not all foods within a group are
equally good contributors to individual nutrient intake so variety within a group is important as well.
, A web site discussing sugar substitutes says "zero calories means zero energy." This is:
A. True. If there are no calories then it contains none of the macronutrients that provide energy.
B. False. Vitamins can also give us energy even though they do not contain any calories., - correct
answer A. True. If there are no calories then it contains none of the macronutrients that provide
energy.
Food Processing: Likely to be lost
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Fiber
D. A and B
E. All of the above - correct answer E. All of the above
Food Processing: Likely to be destroyed
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Fiber
D. A and B
E. All of the above - correct answer A. Vitamins
Whys isn't the relationship between calcium intake and osteoporosis an example of a nutrient and its
deficiency disease?
A. Because there are many causes of osteoporosis besides just calcium intake.
B. Because there is not guarantee that a deficient intake of calcium will cause osteoporosis.
C. Because once osteoporosis develops providing calcium does not cure it.
D. B and C
E. All of the above, - correct answer E. All of the above
T/F: The field of nutrition science has progressed dramatically in recent years that we now can
determine with a large degree of certainty the precise relationships between nutrient intake and
chronic disease risk, similar to our earlier ability to determine the relationships between nutrient
intake and deficiency disease, as reflected in the size and number of books associated with the DRIs.,
- correct answer False
complete solutions passed
Carnitine is a compound found in nearly every cell of the body and is involved in the production of
energy. There is no DRI for carnitine. From this we can conclude that carnitine:
A. Is not essential for life.
B. Is not known to be toxic.
C. Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body.
D. B and C
E. All of the above - correct answer C. Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body.
Maddie has consumed almost no Vitamin C for her entire life yet she is 7 years old and very healthy.
Hillary died of scurvy at the age of 7 after 3 months of consuming almost no Vitamin C. Which of the
following is an explanation for this?
A. Maddie's needs are just a lot less than other people's needs.
B. Hillary's needs are just a lot more than other people's needs.
C. A and B
D. Hillary is a human and Maddie is a dog - correct answer D. Hillary is a human and Maddie is a dog
________ include water.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - correct answer A. Macronutrients
____________ are required in mg and mcg amounts.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - correct answer B. Micronutrients
,Only small amounts of food are necessary to get adequate amounts of these in the diet.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - correct answer D. Neither A nor B
The original DRIs did not have recommendations for carbohydrates and fat because:
A. Concerns regarding these nutrients did not develop until heart disease became the most common
cause of death.
B. There was not enough known about them at the time to establish a recommendation.
C. When the DRIs were being developed the primary dietary concerns centered on micronutrient
deficiency diseases.
D. A and C
E. All of the above - correct answer D. A and C
Monica has an app on her phone that tracks her nutrient intake. Over the last few weeks she's been
averaging 150g of carbohydrates a day. Her friend George says "You really need ore carbs! The DRI is
300g and your intake is only half that. Which of the following statements concerning George's
recommendation is/are correct?
A. George is wrong. Monica would first need to know what her total calorie intake is before she could
determine if her intake is too low (or too high).
B. George is right. The DRI is 300g and Monica's intake is marginal so she should be consuming more
carbs., - correct answer A. George is wrong. Monica would first need to know what her total calorie
intake is before she could determine if her intake is too low (or too high).
T/F: The DRIs for the vitamins minerals, protein, and fiber represent the average need within each
age and sex group. In other words, if your intake equals the DRI there is a 50% probability that your
true need is being met - correct answer False
In a section of a book on phytonutrients the author says, "If these substances had been discovered
back in the 1920s along with nutrients like Vitamin C, we'd be calling them vitamins today." Which of
the following statements concerning that quote is/are CORRECT?
A. The author is correct -- given what we now know about their functions in the body we would have
been calling phytonutrients "vitamins" today had they been discovered early on.
B. The phytonutrients likely weren't discovered earlier on because their absence in the diet does not
result in a specific set of symptoms unique to each compound.
,C. The phytonutrients likely weren't discovered earlier on because their absence in the diet appears
to affect the risk for diseases that were not that prevalent in the 1920s.
D. B and C
E. All of the above, - correct answer D. B and C
Millie feels a cold coming on so she reaches for her bottle of Vitamin C pills and takes 4g of it. Her
friend Amanda points out that the DRI for women is 75mg and the UL is 2000mg. "I know I'm taking a
lot " Millie says, "but since it's natural it's a whole lot safer than any of those drugs that you take."
Which of the following responses should Amanda make?
A. "You're right. It can't hurt to at least give it a try. The worst that happens is that you flush it all
down the toilet in your pee."
B. "Actually, your intake is above the UL, meaning that it's very likely to have toxic effects."
C. "Your intake is above the UL so there's no guarantee that it won't have any harmful effects."
D. "Your intake is well above what you could be getting from food alone. So any effects you may get
from it are, in essence, drug, not natural effects."
E. C and D, - correct answer E. C and D
Michael's mother gave him several bottles of One-A-Day multivitamins when he went off to college
in the fall because she knew he wouldn't be eating many fruits and vegetables if she wasn't around.
During winter break he admitted that he was only taking them every few days when he remembered
to take them at all. Which of the following would be a correct response for his mother to make?
A. "That's OK. The DRIs are really based on average intake over time -- you don't need to get Vitamin
C every day."
B. "They're called One-A-Day because you really do need to get as close to 100% of what's
recommended every day. So please try harder to remember to take them.", - correct answer A.
"That's OK. The DRIs are really based on average intake over time -- you don't need to get Vitamin C
every day."
The cable channel TLC had a show called "Picky Eaters" that presented people with unusual eating
patterns. Imagine a person named Mark on that show who eats the exact same thing from each of
the 5 food groups (dairy meat/alternate, fruit, vegetable, grain) every day. Now imagine that the
narrator says, "Well, even though Mark eats only 5 things, at least they represent each group so he
doesn't have to worry about not getting enough of the essential nutrients." This statement is:
A. True. Variety within groups is not really that important as long as there is variety across groups.
B. False. Not all foods within a group are equally good contributors to individual nutrient intake so
variety within a group is important as well., - correct answer B. False. Not all foods within a group are
equally good contributors to individual nutrient intake so variety within a group is important as well.
, A web site discussing sugar substitutes says "zero calories means zero energy." This is:
A. True. If there are no calories then it contains none of the macronutrients that provide energy.
B. False. Vitamins can also give us energy even though they do not contain any calories., - correct
answer A. True. If there are no calories then it contains none of the macronutrients that provide
energy.
Food Processing: Likely to be lost
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Fiber
D. A and B
E. All of the above - correct answer E. All of the above
Food Processing: Likely to be destroyed
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Fiber
D. A and B
E. All of the above - correct answer A. Vitamins
Whys isn't the relationship between calcium intake and osteoporosis an example of a nutrient and its
deficiency disease?
A. Because there are many causes of osteoporosis besides just calcium intake.
B. Because there is not guarantee that a deficient intake of calcium will cause osteoporosis.
C. Because once osteoporosis develops providing calcium does not cure it.
D. B and C
E. All of the above, - correct answer E. All of the above
T/F: The field of nutrition science has progressed dramatically in recent years that we now can
determine with a large degree of certainty the precise relationships between nutrient intake and
chronic disease risk, similar to our earlier ability to determine the relationships between nutrient
intake and deficiency disease, as reflected in the size and number of books associated with the DRIs.,
- correct answer False
