UF BSC EXAM 1 REVIEW 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Clade - ANS part of a phylogenic tree that contains an ancestor and all descendants of that
ancestor
Data that can be used to build a phylogenic tree - ANS Morphology (observable physical
characteristics) and molecular sequences (nucleotides, amino acids)
Synapamorphy - ANS shared derived traits that provide evidence of a common ancestry of a
group
Synapamorphy ancestral or derived trait? - ANS Derived
Three domains of life - ANS Bacteria (prokaryotes), Archaea (prokaryotes), Eukarya
(eukaryotes)
Photoautotroph - ANS Organism that use light to generate ATP for the purpose of carbon
fixation
How did evolution of photosynthesis change the earth? - ANS Filled environment with
oxygen. Created vast diversity within the kingdom Eukarya.
Lateral transfer - ANS When genes move from one species to another
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,Endosymbiosis - ANS When two organisms compliment each other and one of the two
organisms lives within the other
What organelles did eukaryotes acquire in endosymbiosis? - ANS Mitochondria, chloroplasts
Are all photosynthetic eukaryotes plants? - ANS NO!!
Dominant form in bryophyte life cycle - ANS Gametophyte
Do bryophyte sporophyte and gametophyte live independently? - ANS No, sporophyte is
dependent on gametophyte
Red algae vs. Green plants - ANS Red algae chlorophyll A only, green algae chlorophyll A and
B. Red algae varies from single celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms.
Streptophyte Synapamorphies - ANS retention of egg in parental organisms, apical growth,
oogamy, plasmodesmata
Plasmodesmata - ANS small holes/ channels that make water transport much easier
Parenchyma - ANS Basic tissue type in the streptophytes with cells linked by plasmodesmata
Land plant synapamorphies - ANS cuticle, stomata, gametangia, embryo, pigments,
sporopollenin, mycorrhizae
Cuticle - ANS a waxy coating that protects from water loss, disease, sun and organisms who
are predators
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,Stomata - ANS small openings that allow for gas exchange in air while minimizing water loss
Sporopollenin - ANS protective coating for spores
Mycorrhizae plants - ANS Plants that have mutually beneficial association with fungi, fungi
attach to plant roots and increase surface area of roots allowing for more water to be taken up
throught the plant
Groups of plants within the bryophytes - ANS liverworts, horntails and mosses
Are bryophytes a clade? - ANS NO!
Primary characteristics of bryophytes - ANS no vascular system, very small, no structure to
keep them off the ground, no structure to transfer food and water through the plant
Why do bryophytes tend to live in moist habitats? - ANS bryophytes move nutrients through
diffusion and osmosis so they have to be near water to survive
Dominant form in the bryophyte life cycle - ANS Gametophyte
Can bryophyte sporophytes and gametophytes live indepedently? - ANS No. Sporophyte is
physiologically dependent on the gametophyte.
Where are bryophyte gametes produced? - ANS Archegonium (female sex organ) and
antheridium (male sex organ)
How are gametes dispersed in bryophytes? - ANS
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, Ephiphyte - ANS Organisms that live together with no beneficial or paristic relationship.
(plants growing on a tall tree). benefits are indirect.
Parisite - ANS lives off of another organisms. Not mutually beneficial, only beneficial to one.
Main characteristics of liverworts - ANS no true stomata, rhizoids, elaters, green- flat like
gametophyte, sporophyte remains attached to the larger gametophyte, can reproduce sexually
or asexually, no internal water conduction; differ from other bryophytes in the fact that they do
not have a true stomata and other bryophytes do
Rhizoids - ANS help anchor liverworts to the ground
Gemma cups - ANS
Elaters - ANS
Liverwort sexual reproduction - ANS
Main characteristics of mosses - ANS erect, leafy gametophytes, stomata, hyroids,
sporophyte is attached and dependent on gametophyte, peristome teeth!!!!
Peristome teeth - ANS moss adaptation for spore dispersal, can change sbape with
Peristome teeth part of gametophyte or sporophyte? - ANS
Main features of hornworts - ANS sporophytes look lie small horns, cells contain one
chloroplast, symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria (nitrogen fixation), 100 extant species
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Clade - ANS part of a phylogenic tree that contains an ancestor and all descendants of that
ancestor
Data that can be used to build a phylogenic tree - ANS Morphology (observable physical
characteristics) and molecular sequences (nucleotides, amino acids)
Synapamorphy - ANS shared derived traits that provide evidence of a common ancestry of a
group
Synapamorphy ancestral or derived trait? - ANS Derived
Three domains of life - ANS Bacteria (prokaryotes), Archaea (prokaryotes), Eukarya
(eukaryotes)
Photoautotroph - ANS Organism that use light to generate ATP for the purpose of carbon
fixation
How did evolution of photosynthesis change the earth? - ANS Filled environment with
oxygen. Created vast diversity within the kingdom Eukarya.
Lateral transfer - ANS When genes move from one species to another
COPYRIGHT © 2025 THESTAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Endosymbiosis - ANS When two organisms compliment each other and one of the two
organisms lives within the other
What organelles did eukaryotes acquire in endosymbiosis? - ANS Mitochondria, chloroplasts
Are all photosynthetic eukaryotes plants? - ANS NO!!
Dominant form in bryophyte life cycle - ANS Gametophyte
Do bryophyte sporophyte and gametophyte live independently? - ANS No, sporophyte is
dependent on gametophyte
Red algae vs. Green plants - ANS Red algae chlorophyll A only, green algae chlorophyll A and
B. Red algae varies from single celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms.
Streptophyte Synapamorphies - ANS retention of egg in parental organisms, apical growth,
oogamy, plasmodesmata
Plasmodesmata - ANS small holes/ channels that make water transport much easier
Parenchyma - ANS Basic tissue type in the streptophytes with cells linked by plasmodesmata
Land plant synapamorphies - ANS cuticle, stomata, gametangia, embryo, pigments,
sporopollenin, mycorrhizae
Cuticle - ANS a waxy coating that protects from water loss, disease, sun and organisms who
are predators
COPYRIGHT © 2025 THESTAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Stomata - ANS small openings that allow for gas exchange in air while minimizing water loss
Sporopollenin - ANS protective coating for spores
Mycorrhizae plants - ANS Plants that have mutually beneficial association with fungi, fungi
attach to plant roots and increase surface area of roots allowing for more water to be taken up
throught the plant
Groups of plants within the bryophytes - ANS liverworts, horntails and mosses
Are bryophytes a clade? - ANS NO!
Primary characteristics of bryophytes - ANS no vascular system, very small, no structure to
keep them off the ground, no structure to transfer food and water through the plant
Why do bryophytes tend to live in moist habitats? - ANS bryophytes move nutrients through
diffusion and osmosis so they have to be near water to survive
Dominant form in the bryophyte life cycle - ANS Gametophyte
Can bryophyte sporophytes and gametophytes live indepedently? - ANS No. Sporophyte is
physiologically dependent on the gametophyte.
Where are bryophyte gametes produced? - ANS Archegonium (female sex organ) and
antheridium (male sex organ)
How are gametes dispersed in bryophytes? - ANS
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, Ephiphyte - ANS Organisms that live together with no beneficial or paristic relationship.
(plants growing on a tall tree). benefits are indirect.
Parisite - ANS lives off of another organisms. Not mutually beneficial, only beneficial to one.
Main characteristics of liverworts - ANS no true stomata, rhizoids, elaters, green- flat like
gametophyte, sporophyte remains attached to the larger gametophyte, can reproduce sexually
or asexually, no internal water conduction; differ from other bryophytes in the fact that they do
not have a true stomata and other bryophytes do
Rhizoids - ANS help anchor liverworts to the ground
Gemma cups - ANS
Elaters - ANS
Liverwort sexual reproduction - ANS
Main characteristics of mosses - ANS erect, leafy gametophytes, stomata, hyroids,
sporophyte is attached and dependent on gametophyte, peristome teeth!!!!
Peristome teeth - ANS moss adaptation for spore dispersal, can change sbape with
Peristome teeth part of gametophyte or sporophyte? - ANS
Main features of hornworts - ANS sporophytes look lie small horns, cells contain one
chloroplast, symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria (nitrogen fixation), 100 extant species
COPYRIGHT © 2025 THESTAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
