GNRS 582(Patho) – Cardiac exam with
correct answers
Where |do |you |see |saw-toothed |waves? |- |✔✔💯Atrial |flutter
Atrial |fibrillation |rhythms |are |always |irregular |- |✔✔💯True |(read |the |question |carefully)
The |major |characteristics |of |atrial |flutter |rhythm |is: |- |✔✔💯Regular, |fast, |saw-toothed
Which |of |the |following |describes |an |atrial |fibrillation |rhythm? |- |✔✔💯No |P |wave, |irregular, |HR |111, |
QRS |0.12
P |wave |in |ECG |represents |- |✔✔💯Atrial |depolarization
The |natural |pacemaker |of |the |heart |is: |- |✔✔💯SA |node
AV |node |slows |fast |atrial |contractions |to |protect |the |ventricles |- |✔✔💯True
Which |of |the |following |does |NOT |have |significant |contribution |to |the |action |potential |of |the |heart? |- |
✔✔💯P
Electrolytes |that |move |the |heart |- |✔✔💯Na+, |K+, |Ca2+ |all |contribute |to |the |muscle |of |the |heart
When |AV |node |becomes |the |pacemaker, |it |fires |at |a |rate |of: |- |✔✔💯40-60
PR |interval |becomes |abnormal |when |it |is |longer |than: |- |✔✔💯0.18 |seconds
What |represents |the |ventricular |contraction |in |ECG |is: |- |✔✔💯QRS |complex
Q |wave |deeper |than |one |big |box |is |a |serious |finding. |- |✔✔💯True
Tall, |peaked |T |wave |is |most |likely |caused |by: |- |✔✔💯Hyperkalemia
One |small |box |on |the |ECG |papers |measures |- |✔✔💯0.04 |seconds
A |6-second |rhythm |strip |has |___ |big |boxes. |- |✔✔💯30
Formula: |1 |second |strip |x |5? |- |✔✔💯
On |an |irregular |6-seconds |rhythm |you |count |9 |R |waves, |hence |the |HR |is |- |✔✔💯90 |bpm
Formula: |R |waves |x |10 |- |✔✔💯
You |count |30 |big |boxes |between |2 |consecutive |R |waves, |what |is |the |HR? |- |✔✔💯50
You |count |6 |big |boxes |between |2 |consecutive |R |waves, |what |is |the |HR? |- |✔✔💯50
The |major |abnormality |in |junctional |rhythms |is: |- |✔✔💯Inverted |P |waves
The |major |difference |between |junctional |escape |and |accelerated |junctional |is: |- |✔✔💯HR
, 1st |degree |AV |block |is |the |most |serious |AV |blocks |- |✔✔💯False
The |P:QRS |ration |in |3rd |degree |AV |block |is |3:1 |or |4:1. |- |✔✔💯False
The |PR |intervals |in |2nd |degree |AV |block |type |I |is |long |and |keeps |getting |longer. |- |✔✔💯True
Which |of |the |following |is |NOT |a |characteristic |of |normal |sinus |rhythm? |- |✔✔💯QRS |> |0.12
A |sinus |arrhythmia |has |- |✔✔💯Irregular |rhythm
Vagal |stimulation |can |lead |to |bradycardia. |- |✔✔💯True
Valsalva |maneuvers |can |help |reduce |HR |in |tachycardia. |- |✔✔💯True
Which |of |the |following |can |cause |bradycardia? |- |✔✔💯Hypothermia
The |NSR |criterion |that |sinus |bradycardia |does |not |meet |is: |- |✔✔💯Normal |HR
Which |of |the |following |is |correct |about |ventricular |tachycardia? |- |✔✔💯It |is |a |regular |rhythm.
Which |of |the |following |is |not |true |about |ventricular |fibrillation? |- |✔✔💯Atropine |is |the |drug |of |
choice |of |ventricular |fibrillation.
The |most |serious |dysrhythmias |of |all |is |the |ventricular |ones. |- |✔✔💯True
Which |vessel |pumps |oxygenated |blood |from |left |ventricle |to |rest |of |the |body? |- |✔✔💯aorta
Which |vessel |pumps |non-oxygenated |blood |to |lungs? |- |✔✔💯pulmonary |ARTERY
Which |vessel |brings |oxygenated |blood |from |lungs |to |left |atrium? |- |✔✔💯pulmonary |VEIN
Your |patient |comes |in |with |multiple, |deep, |draining, |odorous |ulcers |on |both |of |his |legs. |You |read |the |
diagnosis |of |"chronic |venous |insufficiency". |You |understand |the |underlying |cause |of |disease |is: |- |
✔✔💯poor |blood |return |to |the |heart
You |have |a |54 |y/o |male |that |has |left |lower |leg |pain |and |redness. |The |Admitting |physician |has |given |
the |diagnosis |of |"venous |thrombus". |Which |of |the |following |could |have |caused |his |condition? |- |
✔✔💯vascular |injury, |venous |stasis |(thrombus), |and |inflammation
Most |cases |of |hypertension |are |classified |as |_____ |hypertension. |- |✔✔💯primary
Idiopathic |means |_____. |- |✔✔💯spontaneous |or |unknown
What |types |of |symptoms |will |you |see |in |a |patient |with |orthostatic |hypotension? |- |✔✔💯dizziness |
and |lightheadedness |upon |standing |up
How |can |you |assess |this |patient |to |check |for |orthostatic |hypotension? |- |✔✔💯check |SBP |for |min. |
20mmHg |decrease |or |min. |10mmHg |for |DBP
What |is |an |aneurysm? |- |✔✔💯outpouching |of |a |vessel |wall |(true |or |pseudo); |no |symptoms; |not |
usually |screened |by |angiogram |(not |covered |by |insurance); |"worst |headache |of |my |life"
What |is |a |thrombus? |- |✔✔💯blood |clot |that |remains |attached |to |the |vessel |wall
correct answers
Where |do |you |see |saw-toothed |waves? |- |✔✔💯Atrial |flutter
Atrial |fibrillation |rhythms |are |always |irregular |- |✔✔💯True |(read |the |question |carefully)
The |major |characteristics |of |atrial |flutter |rhythm |is: |- |✔✔💯Regular, |fast, |saw-toothed
Which |of |the |following |describes |an |atrial |fibrillation |rhythm? |- |✔✔💯No |P |wave, |irregular, |HR |111, |
QRS |0.12
P |wave |in |ECG |represents |- |✔✔💯Atrial |depolarization
The |natural |pacemaker |of |the |heart |is: |- |✔✔💯SA |node
AV |node |slows |fast |atrial |contractions |to |protect |the |ventricles |- |✔✔💯True
Which |of |the |following |does |NOT |have |significant |contribution |to |the |action |potential |of |the |heart? |- |
✔✔💯P
Electrolytes |that |move |the |heart |- |✔✔💯Na+, |K+, |Ca2+ |all |contribute |to |the |muscle |of |the |heart
When |AV |node |becomes |the |pacemaker, |it |fires |at |a |rate |of: |- |✔✔💯40-60
PR |interval |becomes |abnormal |when |it |is |longer |than: |- |✔✔💯0.18 |seconds
What |represents |the |ventricular |contraction |in |ECG |is: |- |✔✔💯QRS |complex
Q |wave |deeper |than |one |big |box |is |a |serious |finding. |- |✔✔💯True
Tall, |peaked |T |wave |is |most |likely |caused |by: |- |✔✔💯Hyperkalemia
One |small |box |on |the |ECG |papers |measures |- |✔✔💯0.04 |seconds
A |6-second |rhythm |strip |has |___ |big |boxes. |- |✔✔💯30
Formula: |1 |second |strip |x |5? |- |✔✔💯
On |an |irregular |6-seconds |rhythm |you |count |9 |R |waves, |hence |the |HR |is |- |✔✔💯90 |bpm
Formula: |R |waves |x |10 |- |✔✔💯
You |count |30 |big |boxes |between |2 |consecutive |R |waves, |what |is |the |HR? |- |✔✔💯50
You |count |6 |big |boxes |between |2 |consecutive |R |waves, |what |is |the |HR? |- |✔✔💯50
The |major |abnormality |in |junctional |rhythms |is: |- |✔✔💯Inverted |P |waves
The |major |difference |between |junctional |escape |and |accelerated |junctional |is: |- |✔✔💯HR
, 1st |degree |AV |block |is |the |most |serious |AV |blocks |- |✔✔💯False
The |P:QRS |ration |in |3rd |degree |AV |block |is |3:1 |or |4:1. |- |✔✔💯False
The |PR |intervals |in |2nd |degree |AV |block |type |I |is |long |and |keeps |getting |longer. |- |✔✔💯True
Which |of |the |following |is |NOT |a |characteristic |of |normal |sinus |rhythm? |- |✔✔💯QRS |> |0.12
A |sinus |arrhythmia |has |- |✔✔💯Irregular |rhythm
Vagal |stimulation |can |lead |to |bradycardia. |- |✔✔💯True
Valsalva |maneuvers |can |help |reduce |HR |in |tachycardia. |- |✔✔💯True
Which |of |the |following |can |cause |bradycardia? |- |✔✔💯Hypothermia
The |NSR |criterion |that |sinus |bradycardia |does |not |meet |is: |- |✔✔💯Normal |HR
Which |of |the |following |is |correct |about |ventricular |tachycardia? |- |✔✔💯It |is |a |regular |rhythm.
Which |of |the |following |is |not |true |about |ventricular |fibrillation? |- |✔✔💯Atropine |is |the |drug |of |
choice |of |ventricular |fibrillation.
The |most |serious |dysrhythmias |of |all |is |the |ventricular |ones. |- |✔✔💯True
Which |vessel |pumps |oxygenated |blood |from |left |ventricle |to |rest |of |the |body? |- |✔✔💯aorta
Which |vessel |pumps |non-oxygenated |blood |to |lungs? |- |✔✔💯pulmonary |ARTERY
Which |vessel |brings |oxygenated |blood |from |lungs |to |left |atrium? |- |✔✔💯pulmonary |VEIN
Your |patient |comes |in |with |multiple, |deep, |draining, |odorous |ulcers |on |both |of |his |legs. |You |read |the |
diagnosis |of |"chronic |venous |insufficiency". |You |understand |the |underlying |cause |of |disease |is: |- |
✔✔💯poor |blood |return |to |the |heart
You |have |a |54 |y/o |male |that |has |left |lower |leg |pain |and |redness. |The |Admitting |physician |has |given |
the |diagnosis |of |"venous |thrombus". |Which |of |the |following |could |have |caused |his |condition? |- |
✔✔💯vascular |injury, |venous |stasis |(thrombus), |and |inflammation
Most |cases |of |hypertension |are |classified |as |_____ |hypertension. |- |✔✔💯primary
Idiopathic |means |_____. |- |✔✔💯spontaneous |or |unknown
What |types |of |symptoms |will |you |see |in |a |patient |with |orthostatic |hypotension? |- |✔✔💯dizziness |
and |lightheadedness |upon |standing |up
How |can |you |assess |this |patient |to |check |for |orthostatic |hypotension? |- |✔✔💯check |SBP |for |min. |
20mmHg |decrease |or |min. |10mmHg |for |DBP
What |is |an |aneurysm? |- |✔✔💯outpouching |of |a |vessel |wall |(true |or |pseudo); |no |symptoms; |not |
usually |screened |by |angiogram |(not |covered |by |insurance); |"worst |headache |of |my |life"
What |is |a |thrombus? |- |✔✔💯blood |clot |that |remains |attached |to |the |vessel |wall
