.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind g g g g g g
LEARNING OBJECTIVES g
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
g g g g g g g
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
g g g g g g g g g g
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
g g g g g g g g
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how itworks.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-ment
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
g of “computer intelligence.”
g g
MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
g g g g g g g g g g g
a. anger management
g c. memory
b. decision making g d. Attention
ANS: A g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
g g g g
OBJ: 1.1
g MSC: Understanding g
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
g g g g g g g g
a. reading a newspaper
g g c. talking on the phone g g g
b. studying for a testg g g d. breathing
ANS: D g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
g g g g
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease g
b. language acquisition g d. problem-solving strategies g
,.
ANS: C g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
g g g g
OBJ: 1.1
g MSC: Applying g
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most people, after
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
about Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
g g g g g g g g
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an event
g g g g g g g g g g g
or conversation.
g g
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
g g g g g g g
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
an event.
g g
d. the individual sentences are short.
g g g g
ANS: A g DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for Memory
g g g g
OBJ: 1.1
g MSC: Understanding g
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ANS: D g DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss g g g
OBJ: 1.2
g MSC: Applying g
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists.
g g g g g g g g
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
someone’s ability to remember.
g g g g
c. Memory is not very important. g g g g
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the specific sites that are damaged.
g g g g g g
ANS: B g g DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
g g g g
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
g g g g g g g
a. memory dysfunction. g c. inarticulate speech. g
b. an inability to recognize patterns.
g g g g d. impaired language comprehension. g g
ANS: A g DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss g g g
OBJ: 1.2
g MSC: Remembering g
8. The term “introspection” refers to the
g g g g g
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity.
g g g g g g g g g g
, .
c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication.
g g g g g g g g g g
ANS: C g DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Remembering g
9. A participant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This method
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
is called
g
a. logical inference.g c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: C g DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Remembering g
10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying
g g g g g g g g
a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion.
g g g g g g
b. mental events that are unconscious.
g g g g
c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge.
g g g g
d. events that take a long time to unfold.
g g g g g g g
ANS: B g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Understanding g
11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE?
g g g g g g g g
a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly.
g g g g g g g g g
b. It is subjective.
g g
c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing.
g g g g g
d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition.
g g g g g g g g
ANS: C g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Understanding g
12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
examines and reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. practical rehearsal g c. learning history analysis g g
b. introspection d. goal retrieval g
ANS: B g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Applying g
13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because
g g g g g g g g g g g
a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training.
g g g g g g g g
c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events.
g g g g g g g g
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind g g g g g g
LEARNING OBJECTIVES g
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
g g g g g g g
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
g g g g g g g g g g
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
g g g g g g g g
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how itworks.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-ment
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
g of “computer intelligence.”
g g
MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
g g g g g g g g g g g
a. anger management
g c. memory
b. decision making g d. Attention
ANS: A g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
g g g g
OBJ: 1.1
g MSC: Understanding g
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
g g g g g g g g
a. reading a newspaper
g g c. talking on the phone g g g
b. studying for a testg g g d. breathing
ANS: D g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
g g g g
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease g
b. language acquisition g d. problem-solving strategies g
,.
ANS: C g DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
g g g g
OBJ: 1.1
g MSC: Applying g
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most people, after
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
about Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
g g g g g g g g
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an event
g g g g g g g g g g g
or conversation.
g g
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
g g g g g g g
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
an event.
g g
d. the individual sentences are short.
g g g g
ANS: A g DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for Memory
g g g g
OBJ: 1.1
g MSC: Understanding g
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ANS: D g DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss g g g
OBJ: 1.2
g MSC: Applying g
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists.
g g g g g g g g
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
someone’s ability to remember.
g g g g
c. Memory is not very important. g g g g
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the specific sites that are damaged.
g g g g g g
ANS: B g g DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
g g g g
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
g g g g g g g
a. memory dysfunction. g c. inarticulate speech. g
b. an inability to recognize patterns.
g g g g d. impaired language comprehension. g g
ANS: A g DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss g g g
OBJ: 1.2
g MSC: Remembering g
8. The term “introspection” refers to the
g g g g g
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity.
g g g g g g g g g g
, .
c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication.
g g g g g g g g g g
ANS: C g DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Remembering g
9. A participant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This method
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
is called
g
a. logical inference.g c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: C g DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Remembering g
10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying
g g g g g g g g
a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion.
g g g g g g
b. mental events that are unconscious.
g g g g
c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge.
g g g g
d. events that take a long time to unfold.
g g g g g g g
ANS: B g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Understanding g
11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE?
g g g g g g g g
a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly.
g g g g g g g g g
b. It is subjective.
g g
c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing.
g g g g g
d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition.
g g g g g g g g
ANS: C g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Understanding g
12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
examines and reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. practical rehearsal g c. learning history analysis g g
b. introspection d. goal retrieval g
ANS: B g DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
g g g
OBJ: 1.3
g MSC: Applying g
13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because
g g g g g g g g g g g
a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training.
g g g g g g g g
c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events.
g g g g g g g g
