Maryville Patho NURS 611 Exam 2 questions
with complete solution.
Parasympathetic nervous system ~CORRECT ANSWER~Body system
responsible for conserving energy and body resources
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) ~CORRECT ANSWER~Body system that
responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
~CORRECT ANSWER~blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow
to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified ~CORRECT ANSWER~Focal or diffuse
(aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries ~CORRECT ANSWER~specific, grossly observable brain
lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries ~CORRECT ANSWER~include brain injury due to
hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
,autonomic hyperreflexia ~CORRECT ANSWER~affected at the t5-t6 level or
above; characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a
pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with
flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor
spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia ~CORRECT
ANSWER~individual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or
above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia ~CORRECT
ANSWER~bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact
ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the
HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and
peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through
the cord
Alzheimer's disease ~CORRECT ANSWER~leading cause of dementia and one
of the most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease ~CORRECT
ANSWER~age, family history
, what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease ~CORRECT
ANSWER~low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause,
NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD
~CORRECT ANSWER~PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP
(amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given ~CORRECT
ANSWER~postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke ~CORRECT
ANSWER~hypertension (87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke ~CORRECT ANSWER~arterial HTN,
insulin resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein
(HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart
disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and
thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium intake
above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical
activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a
bacterial/viral infection such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) ~CORRECT
ANSWER~Guillain-Barre syndrome
with complete solution.
Parasympathetic nervous system ~CORRECT ANSWER~Body system
responsible for conserving energy and body resources
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) ~CORRECT ANSWER~Body system that
responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
how is blood flow redistributed by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
~CORRECT ANSWER~blood flow to the muscles is increased while blood flow
to GI and integumentary is decreased
how are primary brain injuries classified ~CORRECT ANSWER~Focal or diffuse
(aka multifocal)
focal brain injuries ~CORRECT ANSWER~specific, grossly observable brain
lesions that occur in a precise location
Epidural and subdural hemorrhages
diffuse brain injuries ~CORRECT ANSWER~include brain injury due to
hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels
The brain is confined in a limited space so increased pressure can cause collateral
dysfunction: Diabetes Insipidus (ADH not secreted thus polyuria)
,autonomic hyperreflexia ~CORRECT ANSWER~affected at the t5-t6 level or
above; characterized by paroxysmal HTN (up to 300 mmHg systolic), a
pounding headache, blurred vision, sweating above the level of the lesion with
flushing of the skin, nasal congestion, nausea, piloerection caused by pilomotor
spasm, and bradycardia (30-40 beats/min)
location of lesions in cases of autonomic hyperreflexia ~CORRECT
ANSWER~individual most likely to be affected have lesions at the T5-T6 level or
above
sequence of events that lead to hyperreflexia induced bradycardia ~CORRECT
ANSWER~bradycardia (30-40bpm) is a sx of hyperreflexia
Stimulation of the carotid sinus -->vagus nerve -->sinoatrial (SA) node. The intact
ANS reflexively responds with an arteriolar spasm that increases blood pressure.
Baroreceptors in the cerebral vessels, the carotid sinus, and the aorta sense the
HTN and stimulate the PNS. The heart rate decreases, but the visceral and
peripheral vessels do not dilate because efferent impulses cannot pass through
the cord
Alzheimer's disease ~CORRECT ANSWER~leading cause of dementia and one
of the most common causes of severe cognitive dysfunction in older adults
what are the greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease ~CORRECT
ANSWER~age, family history
, what are the proposed protective factors for Alzheimer's disease ~CORRECT
ANSWER~low calorie diets, estrogen replacement at time of menopause,
NSAIDs, physical activity, antioxidants, the presence of apoE2
what genetic susceptibility tests are used to screen for early-onset AD
~CORRECT ANSWER~PSEN 1 (presenilin) on chromosome 14, PSEN 2, and APP
(amyloid precursor protein) on chromosome 21
When can a specific diagnosis of AD be given ~CORRECT
ANSWER~postmortem examination
what is the single greatest risk factor for stroke ~CORRECT
ANSWER~hypertension (87% of occurrences)
what are common risk factors for stroke ~CORRECT ANSWER~arterial HTN,
insulin resistance and DM, elevated cholesterol or low high density lipoprotein
(HDL), elevated lipoprotein- A level, hyperhomocysteinemia, congestive heart
disease and PVD, asymptomatic carotid stenosis, polycythemia and
thrombocythemia, a-fib, postmenopausal hormone therapy, high sodium intake
above 2300mg, low potassium intake less than 4700mg, smoking, lack of physical
activity, obesity, chronic sleep deprivation
which autoimmune disease typically presents 2-4 weeks following a
bacterial/viral infection such as respiratory or GI illness (ex: flu) ~CORRECT
ANSWER~Guillain-Barre syndrome
