STANHOPE: FOUNDATIONS FOR POPULATION HEALTH IN COMMUNITY/PUBLIC HEALTH
NURSING, 6TH EDITION
,Contents
Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health ....................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing .......................... 11
Chapter 03: US and Global Health Care .................................................................................................. 20
Chapter 04: Government, the Law, and Policy Activism ........................................................................ 29
Chapter 05: Economics of US Health Care Delivery ................................................................................ 40
Chapter 06: Ethics in Public and Community Health Nursing Practice ................................................... 52
Chapter 07: Culture of Populations in Communities .............................................................................. 62
Chapter 08: Environmental Health ......................................................................................................... 73
Chapter 09: Evidence-Based Practice ..................................................................................................... 83
Chapter 10: Epidemiological Applications .............................................................................................. 92
Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control ....................................................................... 108
Chapter 12: Communicable and Infection Disease Risks ...................................................................... 120
Chapter 13: Community Assessment and Evaluation ........................................................................... 133
Chapter 14: Health Education in the Community ................................................................................. 145
Chapter 15: Case Management ............................................................................................................ 154
Chapter 16: Disaster Management ....................................................................................................... 164
Chapter 17: Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation .................................................... 174
Chapter 18: Program Management ...................................................................................................... 181
Chapter 19: Healthcare Improvement in the Community .................................................................... 190
Chapter 20: Family Development, Family Nursing Assessment, and Genomics .................................. 203
Chapter 21: Family Health Risks............................................................................................................ 214
Chapter 22: Health Risks Across the Life Span...................................................................................... 229
Chapter 23: Health Equity and Care of Vulnerable Populations........................................................... 246
Chapter 24: Rural Health and Migrant Health ...................................................................................... 255
Chapter 25: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness .......................................... 262
Chapter 26: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community ...................................... 273
Chapter 27: Violence and Human Abuse .............................................................................................. 284
Chapter 28: Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health ....................... 293
Chapter 29: The Faith Community Nurse ............................................................................................. 303
,Chapter 30: The Nurse in Public Health, Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice .......................... 313
Chapter 31: The Nurse in the Schools................................................................................................... 327
Chapter 32: The Nurse in Occupational Health .................................................................................... 343
,Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes community-based nursing?
a. A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families.
b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs.
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs.
d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care.
ANS:A
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-specific practice in which care is provided for “sick”
individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. The emphasis is on acute and chronic
care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These nurses may be
generalists or specialists in maternal–infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing.
Community-based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than
focusing on groups, aggregates, or systems.
2. Which statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
a. Providing care to individuals and families
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
ANS:D
By definition, community-oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health
and preventing disease to promote the quality of life. All nurses may focus on individuals and families,
give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage acute or chronic conditions.
These definitions are not specific to community-oriented nursing.
3. Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
a. Families and groups
b. Illness-oriented care
c. Individuals within the family unit
d. Health care of communities and populations
ANS:D
,In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather
than on individuals, groups, and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore,
and protect health for the community and the population within it. Community-based nurses deal
primarily with illness-oriented care of individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage
acute and chronic health conditions in the community, and the focus of practice is on individual or
family-centered illness care.
4. Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th
century?
a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
ANS:C
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and programs were
primarily responsible for increasing the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an
increase of approximately 60% in just over a century plus through improvements in (1) sanitation, (2)
clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug safety,
(5) immunizing children, and (6) improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited
when a new drug is discovered that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is
perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains in the health of populations that have
come largely from public health accomplishments.
5. A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community.
Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse?
a. Provide free health care to all citizens
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans
ANS:B
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms
to increase the number of people with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While
the cost of health care and the burden it places on the American government are serious concerns, they
are not the primary focus of ACA.
6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public health
efforts?
, a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
ANS:C
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot be entirely
separate from the health of the larger community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a
whole, and the effect of the community’s health status (resources) on the health of individuals, families,
and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and promote and protect the health of the
community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure that
conditions exist in which people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the
morality of health disparities. The focus is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care.
Additionally, individual responsibility for making healthy choices is the directive for lengthening life span
not the role of the government.
7. Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse?
a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine needed health
services
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
ANS:D
Although the public health nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with
members of the community to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the
population as a whole and engaging in promoting health and improving the environment. The
interventions of asking community leaders which interventions should be chosen, assessing the
community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions do
not demonstrate the engagement of the community when making decisions about what the community
actually wants and needs.
8. Which public health nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
a. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
c. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
d. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
ANS:B
NURSING, 6TH EDITION
,Contents
Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health ....................................................................... 4
Chapter 02: The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing .......................... 11
Chapter 03: US and Global Health Care .................................................................................................. 20
Chapter 04: Government, the Law, and Policy Activism ........................................................................ 29
Chapter 05: Economics of US Health Care Delivery ................................................................................ 40
Chapter 06: Ethics in Public and Community Health Nursing Practice ................................................... 52
Chapter 07: Culture of Populations in Communities .............................................................................. 62
Chapter 08: Environmental Health ......................................................................................................... 73
Chapter 09: Evidence-Based Practice ..................................................................................................... 83
Chapter 10: Epidemiological Applications .............................................................................................. 92
Chapter 11: Infectious Disease Prevention and Control ....................................................................... 108
Chapter 12: Communicable and Infection Disease Risks ...................................................................... 120
Chapter 13: Community Assessment and Evaluation ........................................................................... 133
Chapter 14: Health Education in the Community ................................................................................. 145
Chapter 15: Case Management ............................................................................................................ 154
Chapter 16: Disaster Management ....................................................................................................... 164
Chapter 17: Public Health Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation .................................................... 174
Chapter 18: Program Management ...................................................................................................... 181
Chapter 19: Healthcare Improvement in the Community .................................................................... 190
Chapter 20: Family Development, Family Nursing Assessment, and Genomics .................................. 203
Chapter 21: Family Health Risks............................................................................................................ 214
Chapter 22: Health Risks Across the Life Span...................................................................................... 229
Chapter 23: Health Equity and Care of Vulnerable Populations........................................................... 246
Chapter 24: Rural Health and Migrant Health ...................................................................................... 255
Chapter 25: Poverty, Homelessness, Teen Pregnancy, and Mental Illness .......................................... 262
Chapter 26: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community ...................................... 273
Chapter 27: Violence and Human Abuse .............................................................................................. 284
Chapter 28: Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health ....................... 293
Chapter 29: The Faith Community Nurse ............................................................................................. 303
,Chapter 30: The Nurse in Public Health, Home Health, Palliative Care, and Hospice .......................... 313
Chapter 31: The Nurse in the Schools................................................................................................... 327
Chapter 32: The Nurse in Occupational Health .................................................................................... 343
,Chapter 01: Public Health Nursing and Population Health
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes community-based nursing?
a. A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families.
b. Providing care with a focus on the group’s needs.
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs.
d. A value system in which all clients receive optimal care.
ANS:A
By definition, community-based nursing is a setting-specific practice in which care is provided for “sick”
individuals and families where they live, work, and attend school. The emphasis is on acute and chronic
care and the provision of comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care. These nurses may be
generalists or specialists in maternal–infant, pediatric, adult, or psychiatric mental health nursing.
Community-based nursing emphasizes acute and chronic care to individuals and families, rather than
focusing on groups, aggregates, or systems.
2. Which statement best describes the goal of community-oriented nursing?
a. Providing care to individuals and families
b. Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
d. To preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and prevent disease
ANS:D
By definition, community-oriented nursing has the goal of preserving, protecting, or maintaining health
and preventing disease to promote the quality of life. All nurses may focus on individuals and families,
give direct care to ill persons within their family setting, and help manage acute or chronic conditions.
These definitions are not specific to community-oriented nursing.
3. Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing?
a. Families and groups
b. Illness-oriented care
c. Individuals within the family unit
d. Health care of communities and populations
ANS:D
,In public health nursing, the primary focus is on the health care of communities and populations rather
than on individuals, groups, and families. The goal is to prevent disease and preserve, promote, restore,
and protect health for the community and the population within it. Community-based nurses deal
primarily with illness-oriented care of individuals and families across the life span. The aim is to manage
acute and chronic health conditions in the community, and the focus of practice is on individual or
family-centered illness care.
4. Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th
century?
a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs
d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
ANS:C
There has to be indisputable evidence collected over time that public health policies and programs were
primarily responsible for increasing the average life span from 47 in 1900 to 78.6 years in 2017, an
increase of approximately 60% in just over a century plus through improvements in (1) sanitation, (2)
clean water supplies, (3) making workplaces safer, (4) improving food and drug safety,
(5) immunizing children, and (6) improving nutrition, hygiene, and housing. Although people are excited
when a new drug is discovered that cures a disease or when a new way to transplant organs is
perfected, it is important to know about the significant gains in the health of populations that have
come largely from public health accomplishments.
5. A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community.
Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse?
a. Provide free health care to all citizens
b. To increase the number of individuals with access to effective health care benefits
c. Lower the cost of health care to the American population
d. To lessen the governmental burden of providing health care to Americans
ANS:B
The central feature in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 are the mechanisms
to increase the number of people with health insurance. The care provided is not necessarily free. While
the cost of health care and the burden it places on the American government are serious concerns, they
are not the primary focus of ACA.
6. What is the basic assumption stated by Healthy People 2010 as it relates to public health
efforts?
, a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong.
b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding.
c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.
d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.
ANS:C
The major premise of Healthy People 2010 was that the health of the individual cannot be entirely
separate from the health of the larger community. Public health practice focuses on the community as a
whole, and the effect of the community’s health status (resources) on the health of individuals, families,
and groups. The goal is to prevent disease and disability and promote and protect the health of the
community as a whole. Public health can be described as what society collectively does to ensure that
conditions exist in which people can be healthy. The basic assumptions of public health do not judge the
morality of health disparities. The focus is on prevention of illness not on spending more on illness care.
Additionally, individual responsibility for making healthy choices is the directive for lengthening life span
not the role of the government.
7. Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse?
a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen
b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions
c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine needed health
services
d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment
ANS:D
Although the public health nurse might engage in any of the tasks listed, he or she works primarily with
members of the community to carry out core public health functions, including assessment of the
population as a whole and engaging in promoting health and improving the environment. The
interventions of asking community leaders which interventions should be chosen, assessing the
community and deciding on appropriate interventions, and using data from health care institutions do
not demonstrate the engagement of the community when making decisions about what the community
actually wants and needs.
8. Which public health nurse most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role?
a. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues
b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies
c. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns
d. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television
ANS:B
