Nutrition for Nursing Practice- Midterm 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
Adequate Intake (AI) Correct Answers Similar to RDA in that
it meets the needs of 97-98% of population, but too weak in
evidence to establish an RDA
AI - Adequate Intake Correct Answers For individuals;
insufficient evidence or no consensus
Less certain; should meet requirements of 98% of population
Amino Acid Catabolism Correct Answers Deamination-
- Process by which N is removed from a substance
- Can result in an accumulation of ammonia
- Toxic to the nervous system
- Ammonia converted to urea for excretion by kidneys
Transamination-
Modification of AAs by transferring N from one chemical group
to another
Amino Acid Classification Correct Answers Two groups:
Nonessential (dispensable): Can be synthesized by the body
from available simple molecules & other AAs
Essential (indispensable): Cannot be synthesized in adequate
amounts. Must be provided by dietary sources
Conditionally essential (acquired indispensable): Physiological
conditions impact synthesis
,Amino Acids (AAs) Correct Answers 'Building Blocks' of
Proteins
- Chemical structure similar for all: A hydrogen (H), amino
group (NH2), & an acid group attached to a central carbon (C).
4th group varies
- 20 common AAs. Protein chains, >2500 AAs!!
Anabolism Correct Answers Production of new cellular
material
And then? Correct Answers Lipogenesis: glucose is
metabolized into triglycerides or, er. . . fat
Anthropometric Data Correct Answers Clients' physical
measurements, including:
Height
Weight
Skinfold and circumference measurements
Antioxidants Correct Answers Prevent oxidative damage to
cells
Aspartame
Aka: Nutrasweet & Equal Correct Answers Made up of
aspartic acid + phenylalanine (amino acids)
4 kcals/g but 150x sweeter than sucrose
,No confirmed links to negative health effects
Recommended intake level (Canada) = 40 mg/kg body wt/day
Warning for those with phenylketonuria (PKU)
Assessing Fluid Status Correct Answers Plasma parameters -
varying specificity
- Serum osmolality - most used
- Blood hematocrit & urea N - inaccurate on own
- ↑ serum Na - water loss from ECF
Urinary indices- not accurate on own
- Urine osmolality & specific gravity
- Require normal kidney function
- Color: pale vs dark yellow; confounding factors
Weight
- Appropriate for athletes, physical laborers, & those in extreme
environmental conditions
Method:
- Before activity: measure weight after voiding
- After activity: re-measure weight after voiding
- Per/lb lost - replenish with 1 lb water (500 ml or 2 cups)
Thirst
- Not sensitive indicator of fluid status
- Disappears before fluid deficit is corrected 2% of body weight
may be lost before thirst is initiated
, Average protein intakes Correct Answers - The general
population surpasses their needs
- Average adults aged 19-30= 91 g / day
- Average older adults= 66 g / day
Bioavailability Correct Answers - Refers to the absorbability of
a mineral: Affected by state of mineral in intestine
- Influenced by naturally-occurring substances
- Plant food components, i.e. phytates, oxalates: ↓ bioavailability
- Acidity (gastric secretions): ↓ or ↑ bioavailability
- Other minerals/vitamins (i.e. vit C & Fe): ↓ or ↑ bioavailability
Body Mass Index Correct Answers Assesses relative weight for
height
(BMI) = weight (kg) / height (m)2
Used to classify client as underweight, healthy weight,
overweight, or obese
Caution: does not reflect frame size or body composition
Calcium Correct Answers Role in health & disease prevention-
Primary:
- Structure: strong bones & teeth
- Nerve conduction & muscle contraction
Complete Solutions
Adequate Intake (AI) Correct Answers Similar to RDA in that
it meets the needs of 97-98% of population, but too weak in
evidence to establish an RDA
AI - Adequate Intake Correct Answers For individuals;
insufficient evidence or no consensus
Less certain; should meet requirements of 98% of population
Amino Acid Catabolism Correct Answers Deamination-
- Process by which N is removed from a substance
- Can result in an accumulation of ammonia
- Toxic to the nervous system
- Ammonia converted to urea for excretion by kidneys
Transamination-
Modification of AAs by transferring N from one chemical group
to another
Amino Acid Classification Correct Answers Two groups:
Nonessential (dispensable): Can be synthesized by the body
from available simple molecules & other AAs
Essential (indispensable): Cannot be synthesized in adequate
amounts. Must be provided by dietary sources
Conditionally essential (acquired indispensable): Physiological
conditions impact synthesis
,Amino Acids (AAs) Correct Answers 'Building Blocks' of
Proteins
- Chemical structure similar for all: A hydrogen (H), amino
group (NH2), & an acid group attached to a central carbon (C).
4th group varies
- 20 common AAs. Protein chains, >2500 AAs!!
Anabolism Correct Answers Production of new cellular
material
And then? Correct Answers Lipogenesis: glucose is
metabolized into triglycerides or, er. . . fat
Anthropometric Data Correct Answers Clients' physical
measurements, including:
Height
Weight
Skinfold and circumference measurements
Antioxidants Correct Answers Prevent oxidative damage to
cells
Aspartame
Aka: Nutrasweet & Equal Correct Answers Made up of
aspartic acid + phenylalanine (amino acids)
4 kcals/g but 150x sweeter than sucrose
,No confirmed links to negative health effects
Recommended intake level (Canada) = 40 mg/kg body wt/day
Warning for those with phenylketonuria (PKU)
Assessing Fluid Status Correct Answers Plasma parameters -
varying specificity
- Serum osmolality - most used
- Blood hematocrit & urea N - inaccurate on own
- ↑ serum Na - water loss from ECF
Urinary indices- not accurate on own
- Urine osmolality & specific gravity
- Require normal kidney function
- Color: pale vs dark yellow; confounding factors
Weight
- Appropriate for athletes, physical laborers, & those in extreme
environmental conditions
Method:
- Before activity: measure weight after voiding
- After activity: re-measure weight after voiding
- Per/lb lost - replenish with 1 lb water (500 ml or 2 cups)
Thirst
- Not sensitive indicator of fluid status
- Disappears before fluid deficit is corrected 2% of body weight
may be lost before thirst is initiated
, Average protein intakes Correct Answers - The general
population surpasses their needs
- Average adults aged 19-30= 91 g / day
- Average older adults= 66 g / day
Bioavailability Correct Answers - Refers to the absorbability of
a mineral: Affected by state of mineral in intestine
- Influenced by naturally-occurring substances
- Plant food components, i.e. phytates, oxalates: ↓ bioavailability
- Acidity (gastric secretions): ↓ or ↑ bioavailability
- Other minerals/vitamins (i.e. vit C & Fe): ↓ or ↑ bioavailability
Body Mass Index Correct Answers Assesses relative weight for
height
(BMI) = weight (kg) / height (m)2
Used to classify client as underweight, healthy weight,
overweight, or obese
Caution: does not reflect frame size or body composition
Calcium Correct Answers Role in health & disease prevention-
Primary:
- Structure: strong bones & teeth
- Nerve conduction & muscle contraction
