BIO 201- Midterm Exam Study Guide UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers

BIO 201- Midterm Exam Study Guide
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER - study of the structure/morphology of the human body
and its parts


physiology - CORRECT ANSWER - study of the functions of the human body and its
parts


List the levels of organization from simplest to most complex. - CORRECT ANSWER -
subatomic particles
atom
molecule
macro-molecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism


cell - CORRECT ANSWER - -composed of organelles
-the basic units of structure and function of the body


tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - layer or mass of cells with specific function



organ - CORRECT ANSWER - group of different tissues with a function

,system/ organ system - CORRECT ANSWER - group of organs with common function



homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - maintenance of a stable internal environment



metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - all of the chemical reactions in an organism that
support life


positive feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER - -homeostatic mechanism
-response enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
-uncommon in body
-short lived
-examples are contractions in labor by oxytocin and platelet plug formation+ blood clotting


negative feedback loop - CORRECT ANSWER - -homeostatic mechanism
-most feedbacks in the body
-response reduces or shuts off original stimulus/ goes in opposite direction
-examples are regulation of body temperature, regulation of blood glucose by insulin


Human life depends on what 5 environmental factors? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) water
2) food
3) oxygen
4) heat
5) pressure


1) Water - CORRECT ANSWER - -most abundant substance in body
- environment for metabolic processes
-required for transport of substance

,-regulation of body temperature


2) Food - CORRECT ANSWER - -provides necessary nutrients
-supplies energy
-supplies raw materials for building living tissue


3) Oxygen (gas) - CORRECT ANSWER - -one fifth of air
-used to release energy from nutrients


4) Heat - CORRECT ANSWER - -heat is a form of energy in out environment
- helps maintain body temperature
- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions


5) Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - -application of force on an object
- atmospheric pressure// important for breathing
-hydrostatic pressure// keeps blood flowing


Identify the parts of a basic homeostatic mechanism. - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) receptor
2) control center
3) effector


1) receptor - CORRECT ANSWER - detects and provides information about the stimuli



2) control center - CORRECT ANSWER - decision- maker that maintains the set point



3) effector - CORRECT ANSWER - muscle or gland that responds to the control center
and causes the necessary change in the internal enviroment

, Organ systems in the human body

-basic functions and major organs - CORRECT ANSWER - integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive respiratory
reproductive
urinary


integumentary system - CORRECT ANSWER - the skin and its accessory structures such
as hair and nails
-protects deeper tissue from injury
-protection, body temperature regulation, sensory reception, and production of vitamin D


skeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER - bones and ligaments
-protects, supports, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
-attachment sites, storage of inorganic salts, production of blood cells, and movement


muscular system - CORRECT ANSWER - skeletal muscles and tendons
-allows movement and produce heat (main source)
- maintenance of posture


nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER - brain, spinal cord, nerves
-fast acting control system, responds to changes
-integration and coordination of organ function through nerve impulses or hormones