Bio 201 - Lecture Exam 4 UPDATED Exam
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What neurotransmitter do somatic motor neurons release? - CORRECT ANSWER - All
somatic motor neurons release Acetylcholine (ACh), which has an excitatory effect.
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS? What are their characteristics? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Sympathetic and parasympathetic.
The sympathetic mobilizes the body during extreme situations - fight or flight. The
parasympathetic performs maintenance activities and conserves body energy - rest & digest. The
two divisions counterbalance each other
What are the 2 major neurotransmitters of the ANS? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE)
How is the visceral reflex different from the somatic reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Somatic reflex - contraction of a skeletal muscle. Visceral reflex - response by smooth and
cardiac muscle or gland.
What is the effect when Ach binds to nicotinic receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
effect of ACh binding to nicotinic receptors is always stimulatory.
Define sympathetic/vasomotor tone. - CORRECT ANSWER - Constricts blood vessels
and causes blood pressure to rise as needed. Prompts vessels to dilate if blood pressure is to be
decreased.
Which division of the ANS can override the other? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
sympathetic division can override these effects during times of stress.
, Define parasympathetic tone. - CORRECT ANSWER - Slows the heart. Dictates normal
activity levels of the digestive and urinary systems.
What is orthostatic hypotension? - CORRECT ANSWER - Orthostatic hypotension is a
form of low blood pressure that occurs when sympathetic vasoconstriction centers respond
slowly to positional changes.
What regions of the spinal cord do the sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers originate? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Preganglionic sympathetic neurons emerge from the
thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord, whereas preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
originate in the brain and sacral levels of the spinal cord.
What do the majority of adrenergic fibers release? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Norephinephrine
What type of receptors do over the counter medicines for cold/flu/allergies contain? - CORRECT
ANSWER - alpha adrenergic receptors
What area of the brain is the main integration center of ANS activity? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The hypothalamus is the main integration center of ANS activity.
Do all sensory receptors adapt to a constant stimulus? - CORRECT ANSWER - Yes,
sensory receptors are specialized to respond to stimuli (changes in their environment) which
either adapt partially or completely. Activation of these receptors triggers depolarization (graded
potentials) that trigger impulses to the CNS.
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? - CORRECT ANSWER - 31 pairs of mixed
nerves arise from the spinal cord and supply all parts of the body except the head
They are named according to their point of issue
8 cervical - C1-C8
12 thoracic - T1-T12
5 Lumbar - L1-L5
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
What neurotransmitter do somatic motor neurons release? - CORRECT ANSWER - All
somatic motor neurons release Acetylcholine (ACh), which has an excitatory effect.
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS? What are their characteristics? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Sympathetic and parasympathetic.
The sympathetic mobilizes the body during extreme situations - fight or flight. The
parasympathetic performs maintenance activities and conserves body energy - rest & digest. The
two divisions counterbalance each other
What are the 2 major neurotransmitters of the ANS? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE)
How is the visceral reflex different from the somatic reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Somatic reflex - contraction of a skeletal muscle. Visceral reflex - response by smooth and
cardiac muscle or gland.
What is the effect when Ach binds to nicotinic receptors? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
effect of ACh binding to nicotinic receptors is always stimulatory.
Define sympathetic/vasomotor tone. - CORRECT ANSWER - Constricts blood vessels
and causes blood pressure to rise as needed. Prompts vessels to dilate if blood pressure is to be
decreased.
Which division of the ANS can override the other? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
sympathetic division can override these effects during times of stress.
, Define parasympathetic tone. - CORRECT ANSWER - Slows the heart. Dictates normal
activity levels of the digestive and urinary systems.
What is orthostatic hypotension? - CORRECT ANSWER - Orthostatic hypotension is a
form of low blood pressure that occurs when sympathetic vasoconstriction centers respond
slowly to positional changes.
What regions of the spinal cord do the sympathetic & parasympathetic fibers originate? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Preganglionic sympathetic neurons emerge from the
thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord, whereas preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
originate in the brain and sacral levels of the spinal cord.
What do the majority of adrenergic fibers release? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Norephinephrine
What type of receptors do over the counter medicines for cold/flu/allergies contain? - CORRECT
ANSWER - alpha adrenergic receptors
What area of the brain is the main integration center of ANS activity? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The hypothalamus is the main integration center of ANS activity.
Do all sensory receptors adapt to a constant stimulus? - CORRECT ANSWER - Yes,
sensory receptors are specialized to respond to stimuli (changes in their environment) which
either adapt partially or completely. Activation of these receptors triggers depolarization (graded
potentials) that trigger impulses to the CNS.
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? - CORRECT ANSWER - 31 pairs of mixed
nerves arise from the spinal cord and supply all parts of the body except the head
They are named according to their point of issue
8 cervical - C1-C8
12 thoracic - T1-T12
5 Lumbar - L1-L5
