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Cytologie & Histologie

Inhoudsopgave

Deel I Cytologie ................................................................................................................................................ 5

Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................................. 5
1. Cel afmetingen ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Celvorm ................................................................................................................................................ 5
3. Celbouw ............................................................................................................................................... 5

Hoofdstuk I celmembraan .................................................................................................................................. 7
1. Structuur .............................................................................................................................................. 7
2. Speciale vormen vd membraan ........................................................................................................... 8

Hoofdstuk II De cytoplasmatische organellen .................................................................................................. 11
1. Endoplasmatisch reticulmum............................................................................................................. 11
2. Het Golgi-Apparaat ............................................................................................................................ 13
3. Mitochondriën ................................................................................................................................... 14
4. Cytosomen ......................................................................................................................................... 15
5. Microtubuli......................................................................................................................................... 16
6. Filamenten en fibrillen ....................................................................................................................... 17
7. Centrosoom en centriolen ................................................................................................................. 17
8. Pigmentkorrels ................................................................................................................................... 18
9. Glycogeen .......................................................................................................................................... 18
10. Vetten ............................................................................................................................................ 19
E winning ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

Hoofdstuk III De celkern.................................................................................................................................... 23
1. De kernenvloppe ................................................................................................................................ 23
2. Het kernchromatin ............................................................................................................................. 23
3. De Nucleolus/ kernvlek ...................................................................................................................... 23
4. Extrachomosomaal DNA .................................................................................................................... 24

Hoofdstuk IV De cel gestuurd vanuit de kern: De Eiwitsynthese ...................................................................... 25
1. De structuur van een gen ................................................................................................................... 25
2. De hypothese van één gen/ één enzym ............................................................................................. 25
3. De synthese van eiwitten ................................................................................................................... 25

Hoofdstuk V Energetische omzettingen in de cel ............................................................................................. 29
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 29
2. Anaerobe dissimilatie......................................................................................................................... 29
3. Aerobe Dissimilatie ............................................................................................................................ 30
4. Energievoorziening van vetten en eiwitten ....................................................................................... 31
5. De mitochondriën als energiecentrale ............................................................................................... 31

Hoofdstuk VI celgroei en celdeling ................................................................................................................... 33
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 33
2. De celcyclus ........................................................................................................................................ 33



1

, Hoofdstuk VII Embryologie ............................................................................................................................... 39
1. Bevruchting ........................................................................................................................................ 39
2. Embryonale ontwikkeling................................................................................................................... 40
3. Na de geboorte .................................................................................................................................. 42

Deel II Histologie ............................................................................................................................................ 45

Hoofdstuk I Epitheel ......................................................................................................................................... 45
1. Weefsel in het algemeen ................................................................................................................... 45
2. Epitheelweefsel .................................................................................................................................. 45

Hoofdstuk II Bindweefsel .................................................................................................................................. 51
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 51
2. Vezels ................................................................................................................................................. 51
3. Grondsubstantie ................................................................................................................................ 52
4. Weefselvloeistof ................................................................................................................................ 54
5. Cellen ................................................................................................................................................. 54
6. Soorten bindweefsel regeneratie ...................................................................................................... 57
7. Regeneratie ........................................................................................................................................ 59
8. Voeding en innervatie ........................................................................................................................ 59

Hoofdstuk III Kraakbeen ................................................................................................................................... 61
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 61
2. Typen kraakbeen ................................................................................................................................ 61
3 Histogenese van kraakbeen ............................................................................................................... 63

Hoofdstuk IV Been ............................................................................................................................................ 65
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 65
2. Samenstelling componenten ............................................................................................................. 66
3. Botvorming en botgroei ..................................................................................................................... 67
4. Gewricht ............................................................................................................................................. 69

Hoofdstuk V Vetweefsel ................................................................................................................................... 71
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 71
2. Classificaties van vetweefsel .............................................................................................................. 71

Hoofdstuk VI: Spierweefsel ............................................................................................................................... 75
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 75
2. Het skeletspierweefsel ....................................................................................................................... 75
3. Het hartspierweefsel .......................................................................................................................... 78
4. Het glad spierweefsel ......................................................................................................................... 80

Hoofdstuk VII: het zenuwweefsel ..................................................................................................................... 83
1. Inleiding.............................................................................................................................................. 83
2. Neuronen ........................................................................................................................................... 83
3. Het perikaryon ................................................................................................................................... 84
4. Dendrieten ......................................................................................................................................... 85
5. Axonen ............................................................................................................................................... 85
6. Synapsen ............................................................................................................................................ 86
7. Neuroglia ............................................................................................................................................ 86
8. Zenuwvezels ....................................................................................................................................... 87
9. Zenuwen ............................................................................................................................................ 88


2

, 10. Het autonome zenuwstelsel .......................................................................................................... 88
11. Degeneratie en regeneratie .......................................................................................................... 89
12. Ganglia........................................................................................................................................... 90

Korte samenvattingen les ................................................................................................................................. 91




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