,Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a resul
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1. t of:
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A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
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B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
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C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
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D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
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The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
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2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
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of the remaining liver cells u1 u1 u1 u1
.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy u1
C) compensatory hyperplasia u1
D) physiologic hypertrophy u1
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partiall
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
y cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hyp
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3. oxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
u1 u1 u1 in the brain. u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) caspase activation u1
B) coagulation necrosis u1
C) rapid phagocytosis
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D) protein p53 deficiencyu1 u1
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
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4. , which is unique from the intracellula u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
r damage caused by other injurious agents.
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A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump u1 u1 u1 u1
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes u1 u1 u1
C) replicating and producing continued injury
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D) decreasing protein synthesis and function u1 u1 u1 u1
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hyp
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
5. oxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
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B) altering the immune response of the cell.
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C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
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D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. u1 u1 u1 u1
,6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
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A) increased fat load. u1 u1
B) altered permeability. u1
C) altered glucose utilization.
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D) increased surface receptors. u1 u1
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
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A) stimulus overload. u1
B) genetic mutations. u1
C) chemical messengers. u1
D) mitochondrial DNA. u1
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
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A) increased cell protein synthesis. u1 u1 u1
B) altered cell volume regulation.
u1 u1 u1
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
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D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
on a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The nec
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
9. rotic cell death is characterized by:
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A) rapid apoptosis.u1
B) cellular rupture. u1
C) shrinkage and collapse. u1 u1
D) chronic inflammation. u1
A 99-year-
u1
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of the
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
ories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
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A) changes with genetic influences. u1 u1 u1
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. u1 u1 u1 u1
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. u1 u1
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
u1 u1 u1 u1
An 89-year-
u1
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina durin
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
g a 3-
u1 u1
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phe
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
nomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
that underlies her reduced mobility?
u1 u1 u1 u1
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
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, B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A 20-year-
u1
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou
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12. (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evid
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
ence of: u1
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. u1 u1 u1 u1
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calci
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13. ation?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia u1 u1
B) Liver cirrhosis u1
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism u1 u1
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology tec
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
ician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primar
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
u1 u1 u1 u1
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
The parents of a 4-year-
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old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing i
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
15. mported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
blood tests should the care team prioritize?
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A) White blood cell levels with differential u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
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C) Urea and creatinine levels
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D) Liver function panel u1 u1
A 70-year-
u1
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic st
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
16. ke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
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A) Free radical injury u1 u1
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a resul
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
1. t of:
u1
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
u1 u1 u1
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
2. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
of the remaining liver cells u1 u1 u1 u1
.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy u1
C) compensatory hyperplasia u1
D) physiologic hypertrophy u1
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partiall
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
y cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hyp
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
3. oxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
u1 u1 u1 in the brain. u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) caspase activation u1
B) coagulation necrosis u1
C) rapid phagocytosis
u1
D) protein p53 deficiencyu1 u1
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
4. , which is unique from the intracellula u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
r damage caused by other injurious agents.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump u1 u1 u1 u1
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes u1 u1 u1
C) replicating and producing continued injury
u1 u1 u1 u1
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function u1 u1 u1 u1
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hyp
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
5. oxic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. u1 u1 u1 u1
,6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) increased fat load. u1 u1
B) altered permeability. u1
C) altered glucose utilization.
u1 u1
D) increased surface receptors. u1 u1
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) stimulus overload. u1
B) genetic mutations. u1
C) chemical messengers. u1
D) mitochondrial DNA. u1
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) increased cell protein synthesis. u1 u1 u1
B) altered cell volume regulation.
u1 u1 u1
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
on a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The nec
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
9. rotic cell death is characterized by:
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) rapid apoptosis.u1
B) cellular rupture. u1
C) shrinkage and collapse. u1 u1
D) chronic inflammation. u1
A 99-year-
u1
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of the
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
ories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) changes with genetic influences. u1 u1 u1
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. u1 u1 u1 u1
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. u1 u1
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
u1 u1 u1 u1
An 89-year-
u1
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina durin
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
g a 3-
u1 u1
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phe
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
nomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
that underlies her reduced mobility?
u1 u1 u1 u1
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
, B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A 20-year-
u1
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
12. (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evid
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
ence of: u1
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. u1 u1 u1 u1
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calci
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
13. ation?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia u1 u1
B) Liver cirrhosis u1
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism u1 u1
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology tec
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
ician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primar
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
14. rationale for the technicians precautions?
u1 u1 u1 u1
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
The parents of a 4-year-
u1 u1 u1 u1
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing i
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
15. mported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
blood tests should the care team prioritize?
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) White blood cell levels with differential u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
C) Urea and creatinine levels
u1 u1 u1
D) Liver function panel u1 u1
A 70-year-
u1
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic st
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
16. ke that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1 u1
A) Free radical injury u1 u1
