OSAT: Early Childhood Questions with Detailed Verified Answers

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OSAT: Early Childhood Questions with
Detailed Verified Answers
Question: Sensorimotor Period: Birth to One Month
Answer: Infants learn to comprehend their environment through their inborn
reflexes


Question:
Preoperational Stage of Cognitive Development
Answer: o Roughly bet`ween the ages of 2-6 years old
o Begin to use objects to represent things, i.e, symbolic representation
o Play pretend/Make believe.
o Their thinking is intuitive rather than following logical steps
o "Egocentric" in that they cannot adopt another's point of view


Question:
Sensorimotor Period: 1-4 months
Answer: Babies begin to coordinate their physical sensations with new
schemas


Question:
Sensorimotor Period: 4-8 Months
Answer: Children also repeat rewarding actions, but now they are focused on
things in the environment that they can affect, rather than just the child's own
person.


Question:

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Sensorimotor Period: 8-12 months
Answer: Infants begin further exploring their surroundings.


Question:
Sensorimotor Period: 12-18 months
Answer: Children begin experimenting through trial-and-error.


Question:
Sensorimotor Period: 18-24 months
Answer: Children begin representing objects and events with symbols. Begin
to understand the world via not only actions, but mental operations.


Question:
Schema
Answer: Mental constructs or concepts that represent elements of the
environment. A category or class of things.


Question:
Assimilation
Answer: When we fit something into an existing schema


Question:
Accommodation
Answer: When something new cannot be assimilated into an existing
schema, we either modify that schema or form a new schema


Question:

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conservation
Answer: o The cognitive ability to understand that objects or substances
retain their properties of numbers or amounts even when their appearance,
shape, or configuration changes


Question:
Sociocultural Theory
Answer: Believed that all children's mental, language and social development
is supported by and enhanced through social interactions


Question:
Zone of Proximal Development
Answer: The difference between what the child can accomplish
independently and what he or she can achieve in conjunction with another
more competent person


Question:
Scaffolding
Answer: Assistance in the ZPD. At the beginning of a new task, scaffolding
should be concrete and visible, but should be slowly removed after that. Builds
on children's strengths, enabling the children to grow cognitively and become
independent learners.


Question:
Self-actualization
Answer: Maximizing one's potential

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Question:
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Answer: Trust vs. Mistrust (birth- 18 months)
Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (18 months- 3 years)
Initiative vs. Guild (3-5 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority (5- 8 years)


Question:
Trust vs. Mistrust
Answer: (Birth-18 months) Trust develops when children's needs are met
consistently, predictably, and lovingly. Caring for basic needs.


Question:
autonomy vs. Shame/doubt
Answer: (18 months-3 years) Learn independence and competence. Toddlers
learn to be self-sufficient or to doubt their abilities in activities.


Question:
initiative vs guild
Answer: • (3 years-5 years)-Children need opportunities to respond with
initiative to activities and tasks, which give them a sense of purposefulness
and accomplishment. Children are learning and want to undertake many
adultlike activities. Exercise control over environments.


Question:
Industry vs. Inferiority