BIO 210 EXAM 1
(alpha) helix - ANS -A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins,
arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure.
\(beta) pleated sheet - ANS -One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the
polypeptide chain folds back and forth, or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each
other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
\adenosine triphosphate - ANS --an energy containing compound made of nitrogen component
adenine, 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate group
\Adhesion - ANS -An attraction between molecules of different substances
\Aldehyde - ANS -An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon
skeleton.
\amino acids - ANS -The building blocks of proteins. Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
\Amino group - ANS -A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two
hydrogen atoms
\Anion - ANS -A negatively charged ion
\antiparallel - ANS -The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA
double helix.
\carbohydrates - ANS -simple sugars that can be broken down to release energy
\Carbonyl group - ANS -Functional group for the aldehydes
\Carboxyl group - ANS -A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single
carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
\catalysts - ANS -Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being
consumed by the reaction.
\Cation - ANS -A positively charged ion
\cellulose - ANS -A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers
joined by b-1, 4-glycosidic linkages. Humans can not digest, cows can
\cis/trans isomers - ANS -Trans- they are on opposite sides
Cis- they are on the same side
\Cohesion - ANS -Attraction between molecules of the same substance
\Dehydration reactions - ANS -chemical reactions that involve the loss of water from the reacting
molecule
\denaturation - ANS -In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native
conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive. In DNA, the separation of the two strands
of the double helix.
\deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ANS -A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double stranded helix, in
which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar
and the nitrogenous bases A T C G; capable of being replicated and determining the inherited
structure of cell's proteins.
\disaccaride - ANS -two monosaccarides linked together by dehydration synthesis; glycosidic
linkage
(alpha) helix - ANS -A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins,
arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure.
\(beta) pleated sheet - ANS -One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the
polypeptide chain folds back and forth, or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each
other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.
\adenosine triphosphate - ANS --an energy containing compound made of nitrogen component
adenine, 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate group
\Adhesion - ANS -An attraction between molecules of different substances
\Aldehyde - ANS -An organic molecule with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon
skeleton.
\amino acids - ANS -The building blocks of proteins. Compounds made up of carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
\Amino group - ANS -A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two
hydrogen atoms
\Anion - ANS -A negatively charged ion
\antiparallel - ANS -The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA
double helix.
\carbohydrates - ANS -simple sugars that can be broken down to release energy
\Carbonyl group - ANS -Functional group for the aldehydes
\Carboxyl group - ANS -A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single
carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
\catalysts - ANS -Chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being
consumed by the reaction.
\Cation - ANS -A positively charged ion
\cellulose - ANS -A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers
joined by b-1, 4-glycosidic linkages. Humans can not digest, cows can
\cis/trans isomers - ANS -Trans- they are on opposite sides
Cis- they are on the same side
\Cohesion - ANS -Attraction between molecules of the same substance
\Dehydration reactions - ANS -chemical reactions that involve the loss of water from the reacting
molecule
\denaturation - ANS -In proteins, a process in which a protein unravels and loses its native
conformation, thereby becoming biologically inactive. In DNA, the separation of the two strands
of the double helix.
\deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ANS -A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double stranded helix, in
which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar
and the nitrogenous bases A T C G; capable of being replicated and determining the inherited
structure of cell's proteins.
\disaccaride - ANS -two monosaccarides linked together by dehydration synthesis; glycosidic
linkage
